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N Cakar

Publications and source records attributed to N Cakar.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The coexistence of familial Mediterranean fever and polyarteritis nodosa; report of a case.

We describe a 14-year-old boy with a 5-year history of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), treated with colchicine, who developed polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). He was admitted to our hospital with fever, general weakness, arthritis, and purpura. Five weeks after admission, hypertension was noted. Skin biopsy showed perivascular leukocyte infiltration in the epidermis. An aortography revealed multiple aneurysms of the renal, common hepatic, and intercostal arteries. He was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, oral cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine. The known rare association of FMF and PAN is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The effects of nephrectomy on the developing fetus.

Bilateral renal pathologies such as renal agenesis and renal dysplasia and lower urinary tract obstruction have been reported to result in pulmonary hypoplasia. Although oligohydramnios and resultant thoracic compression was suggested to be the cause of pulmonary hypoplasia, the exact mechanism is still unknown. Additionally the effect of absence of renal tissue on the development of the fetus has not been previously studied in detail. Therefore an experimental study was planned to investigate the effects of fetal nephrectomy on development. The fetuses from 27 New Zealand white rabbits were studied on the 23rd day of gestation. Right ovarian-end fetuses underwent bilateral nephrectomy or sham operations. Rabbits underwent hysterectomy on gestational day 30, and live fetuses were studied. Fetal body, lung, heart and liver weights, and lung, heart and thorax volumes were determined, organ weight/body weight ratios were calculated. Additionally, lungs were evaluated by histological examination. Although fetal nephrectomy resulted in decreased body weight (BW), lung, heart, liver weights and heart weight/BW ratio (p < 0.05), lung weight/BW and liver weight/BW ratios did not differ. Additionally, heart and thorax volumes were significantly decreased in the nephrectomy group (p < 0.05). However lung volume and thorax volume/BW ratio did not differ between groups. The histological evaluation of lungs revealed exfoliated cells but normal lung development. Bilateral fetal nephrectomy results in small-for-gestational age (SGA) status during birth without affecting the development of organic systems. Since SGA status may be associated with decreased placentofetal blood flow, bilateral nephrectomy may act through decreasing placentofetal blood flow and/or through the lack of kidney-related growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Esophageal ligation: effects on the development of fetal organic systems.

The role of amniotic fluid ingestion on the development of various fetal organic systems was evaluated in the rabbit model. The fetuses from 24 New Zealand white rabbits were studied on the 23rd day of gestation. Right ovarian-end fetuses underwent esophageal ligation (EL) or sham (SH) operations. Rabbits were submitted to hysterectomy on gestational day 30, and various organic systems of live fetuses were examined by weight and histological evaluations. Additionally, small intestinal enzymes were determined. Three fetal deaths, one in EL and two in SH groups, occurred with a total survival rate of 85%. EL resulted in increased amniotic fluid volume. Although fetal body weights (BW), lung, heart, liver and renal weights and liver weight/BW, lung weight/BW ratios did not differ, gastric, small intestinal and total gastrointestinal tract weights significantly decreased in EL group (p < 0.05). Additionally, gastric weight/BW, small intestinal weight/BW, total gastrointestinal tract weight/BW and renal weight/BW ratios were also significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Sucrase and maltase activities were not detectable in either group. Lactase activity in proximal small intestinal tissue was significantly decreased in EL group (p < 0.05). Mid and distal small intestinal tissue lactase activities did not reveal any significant difference among groups. Histologically, alveolar enlargement and alveolar thickening in fetal lungs, decreased glomerular count and tubular degeneration in fetal kidneys, and slight changes in fetal livers such as cellular vacuolization and reduction in central vein count were observed in the fetuses with esophageal ligation. While small intestinal tissues showed no marked changes, fetal stomach tissues in EL group revealed marked histological alterations consistent with erosive gastritis. This study suggests that amniotic fluid ingestion has no important effects on fetal somatic growth but effects the development of various fetal organic systems. Since the nutritional role of amniotic fluid is obscure, changes in amniotic fluid dynamics, and/or impairment of release of some possible fetal organotrophic factors, and/or unused states of the organs may be responsible for the morphologic changes secondary to esophageal ligation.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1995

Unilateral renal atrophy and hypertension (imaging techniques in children with hyperreninaemic hypertension) (a case report).

A ten-year-old boy with hyperreninaemic hypertension is described. He had a normally functioning right kidney, as confirmed by ultrasonography and renal scintigraphy. Renal angiography was performed but the left kidney and the left renal artery could not be detected. Computerized tomography revealed a rudimentary atrophic left kidney. Nephrectomy was carried out and the blood pressure returned to normal.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1995

Haemostatic parameters in childhood nephrotic syndrome. (Is there any difference in protein C levels between steroid sensitive and resistant groups?)

Plasma protein C (PC) activity, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and platelet count were studied in 23 children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and AT III activity was determined in 15 children in the same group. All parameters were compared with those obtained in a group of 16 age matched healthy controls. Mean plasma AT III activity was significantly reduced in patients with NS (P < 0.001) correspondingly, plasma AT III levels were found to be directly correlated with serum albumin and inversely correlated with proteinuria. In contrast, mean plasma PC activity, as well as PT, PTT and platelet count were similar in the NS group when compared with the control group and in addition no remarkable difference was found in the mean plasma PC activity between the steroid sensitive and resistant NS groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated acquired AT III deficiency and normal PC levels in childhood NS. These data suggest that although plasma AT III activity depends on the severity of NS, neither the severity of NS nor the underlying renal disease is an important factor determining the changes of PC activity in childhood NS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The effect of low amniotic pressure without oligohydramnios on fetal lung development in a rabbit model.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine fetal lung development in reduced intraamniotic pressure without amniotic fluid loss. STUDY DESIGN: A circular portion of uterine wall measuring 1 cm in diameter was excised while the chorionic and amniotic membranes were left intact at the twenty-third day of gestation in New Zealand White rabbits. The chorionic and amniotic membranes herniated spontaneously through the defect. RESULTS: Amniotic pressure was significantly reduced after herniation. Lung weight/body weight ratios at term were significantly reduced in experimental fetuses compared with controls. Residual amniotic fluid volumes at term did not differ. Histopathologic examination of lung specimens showed that fetal lungs had not matured in the experimental group as fully as in the control group. CONCLUSION: This experimental study demonstrated that low amniotic pressure impaired fetal lung development, even without oligohydramnios.

Amnion↗
PubMed1995

Fetal penile and urethral development subsequent to vascular insult in the last trimester of gestation: an experimental study in goat fetuses.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate a possible mechanism (the vascular theory) in the development of congenital anomalies of the penis and urethra in the fetus of the goat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen male Angora goat fetuses underwent an operation at 110-114 days of gestation whereby branches of the internal pudendal artery within the superficial compartment of the perineum were ligated. Five male fetuses served as controls in which the perineum was explored with no ligation. RESULTS: Five treated and three control live offspring were delivered spontaneously. Although no genitourinary anomalies were observed on gross examination, histopathological examination of the penises of treated animals revealed smaller penises with increased fibrosis. CONCLUSION: A defective vascular supply can partly explain the morphogenesis of some aspects of the congenital anomalies of the penis and urethra.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Congenital microcephaly and infantile nephrotic syndrome--a case report.

A 22-month-old girl with nephrotic syndrome and microcephaly is described. She had dysmorphic facies and psychomotor retardation. Her parents were first-degree relatives and one of her siblings had died with nephrotic syndrome and renal failure in infancy. An autosomal recessive inheritance is suggested. The diagnosis of this rare combination is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.

Cyclophosphamide↗
PubMed1994

The effect of intrauterine vascular compromise on further development of corpus spongiosum and urethra.

An in-utero experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine vascular compromise on further development of corpus spongiosum and male urethra. Thirty time-mated pregnant New Zealand white rabbits on their twenty-third day of gestation were used. Deterioration of the blood supply of the corpus spongiosum and urethra was attempted by electrocauterizing the perineum adjacent to the root of the phallus without damaging the corpus spongiosum and urethra, under the operating microscope. A bipolar cautery was carried out using a specially designed forceps having 100 microns interspaced fixed tips. Five experimental and seven control live male litters were delivered at term by Cesarean sections. Their anogenital regions were examined histopathologically. While the corpus spongiosum extended as long as the corpus cavernosum to the tip of phallus in control litters, the corpus spongiosum ended under the skin in one of the experimental group and in the other four was shorter than the corpus cavernosum. In the latter group, no histopathological evidence of tissue destruction which might be related to electrocauterization, was found. Similar to the pathogenesis encountered in intestinal atresia, a vascular insult which might occur even after the completion of organogenesis, may affect the fate of the corpus spongiosum and urethra. Localized ischemia resulting from local vascular insults may explain, at least in theory, the pathogenesis of some congenital anomalies of corpus spongiosum and urethra such as hypospadias.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of corticosteroids on growth in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.

The effect on growth of long-term treatment with prednisolone was studied in 12 patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Our patient's heights were found between the 10th and 25th percentile both at the first and last height measurement. There was no statistical difference between the first and last height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) (p greater than 0.05). When compared with chronological age, growth velocity (GV), GV SDS and bone age were found low but within the normal range for this age group. There was not any correlation between the last Ht SDS and relapse number, total doses and duration of daily and alternate-day steroid therapy (p greater than 0.05). Growth hormone (GH) responses to pharmacological stimuli were obtained as severe deficiency in 10 patients, partial deficiency in 1 patient and normal level in 1. There was statistical difference between the pulse number of the overnight GH profile of the patients and control group (p less than 0.05). But no statistical difference was found between GH pulse amplitude and GH concentration in patients and control group (p greater than 0.05).

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of trimetazidine on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ), an antioxidant agent, on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat retina histopathologically. METHODS: The retinal I/R model was carried out by the 4-vessel occlusion method on Wistar albino rats. Twenty-one rats were divided into 7 groups, each comprising 3 rats. The animals in groups 1, 2 and 3 underwent 30 min of ischemia + 4 h of reperfusion and were treated by the administration of saline, TMZ before reperfusion and TMZ before ischemia, respectively. The animals in groups 4, 5 and 6 underwent 90 min of ischemia + 4 h of reperfusion and were treated in the same way as those in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The 7th group was sham operated. RESULTS: Thirty and 90 min of ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion induced retinal injury in the rat retina. Histopathologically, the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers were the most affected parts. TMZ was able to reduce almost all retinal I/R damage when administered before ischemia. A cytoprotective effect of TMZ was partly observed in those animals which were treated before reperfusion. CONCLUSION: TMZ seemed to have a protective effect against retinal I/R injury in rats.

Animals↗