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Biomedical subjects

N Chand

Publications and source records attributed to N Chand.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the domestic fowl.

Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) has been demonstrated in young and adult domestic fowl using antisera obtained from actively sensitized chickens on the day of their maximal susceptibility to systemic anaphylaxis. Young chickens are more sensitive to histamine and PCA reaction than adults. The PCA reaction was inhibited by the H1-histamine receptor blocker, mepyramine. In the PCA reaction of 2 h sensitization period, the main exudating cells were heterophils, mononuclear cells (lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages) and some basophils. This study suggests a possible role for circulating basophils in the mediation of early acute inflammatory reaction of immunological origin.

Aging↗
PubMed1976

Possible role of histamine receptors in cardiovascular responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine in the chicken.

Mepyramine (a selective H1-histamine receptor antagonist) and burimamide (a selective H2-receptor antagonist) specifically and equally modify the systemic hypotensive responses to both serotonin and histamine. Results suggest that both H1- and H2-histamine receptors in part mediate systemic arterial depressor and venous pressor responses to 5-HT in the domestic chicken.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1976

Cardiovascular tryptamine receptors in the chicken.

The effects of "M"-receptor blockers (atropine and morphine), "D"-receptor blockers (dibenamine, dibenzyline, methysergide) and a ganglion blocking agent (mecamylamine) were studied to characterize cardiovascular tryptaminergic receptors in domestic fowl. This study showed the presence of both "M" and "D" tryptaminergic receptors (both mediating systemic hypotension) and also other "D"-receptors, which mediate arterial and venous hypertensive responses to 5-HT. There appear to be interactions of tryptaminergic, cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms in the mediation of cardiovascular responses to 5-HT in chicken.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2 and F2 alpha and polyphloretin phosphate of domestic fowl.

The predominant effect of PGE1, E2, and F2 alpha on systemic arterial pressure of domestic fowl is hypotension. PGE1 and E2 are approximately equiactive and PGF2 alpha is about 10 times less active than E1 and E2, PGE1 and E2 produce sudden hypotension with gradual recovery while F2 alpha produces fall in blood pressure with both slow onset and recovery. Polyphloretin phosphate itself produces depressor responses in chickens and antagonizes the depressor responses to the prostaglandins dose-dependently.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

Classification and biological distribution of histamine receptor sub-types.

The distribution and classification of histamine receptors in mammalian and avian tissues have been summarized in Tables 1-4. It is evident that histamine receptors are present on a number of morphologically distinct cell types and the proportion of cells bearing H1- and H2-receptors varies not only with the species but also with the cell source. The pharmacological receptors mediating mepyramine-sensitive histamine responses have been defined as H1-receptors. Receptors mediating mepyramine-resistant, but burimamide or metiamide-sensitive histamine responses have been classified as H2-receptors. Histamine responses mediated via H2-receptors seem to involve the adenylcyclase system resulting in elevation of intracellular cyclic-AMP level, which is susceptible to burimamide blockade but insensitive to beta-adrenergic blocking agents. This mode of action of histamine involving H2-receptors and the adenyl cyclase system has been shown to stimulate the mammalian heart; promote gastric acid secretion; inhibit antigen-induced histamine release from leucocytes and inhibit lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. It can further be concluded that both H1- and H2-receptors are widely distributed throughout the animal body in the gastro-intestinal, reproductive, respiratory and cardiovascular systems, nervous system and on mast cells and blood leucocytes. In these tissues, histamine receptors play an important role in physiological, immunological and immunopathological processes. Interaction of histamine with both H1- and H2-receptors in varying proportions modulates the overall manifestation of cardiovascular and respiratory syndromes during certain immunopathological conditions (e.g. inflammation, allergy and anaphylaxis). Histamine receptors also appear to play and important role in the development of immuno-competence and immunity.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1975

Cardiovascular histamine receptors in the domestic chicken.

The effects of mepyramine (H1-antagonist) and burimamide (H2-antagonist) were studied on histamine, 2-methylhistamine (a selective H1-agonist), 4-methylhistamine (a selective H2-agonist) and acetylcholine-induced changes in systemic arterial and central venous pressure and respiration in anaesthetized chickens. The result of this study suggested a predominance of H1 and some H2 histamine receptors in the cardiovascular system of domestic fowl where both are mediating systemic hypotension. There also appears to be predominance of H1 receptors mediating venous hypertension and respiratory apnoea to large doses of histamine and 2-methylhistamine. In addition, a possible involvement of H2-receptors in the cardiovascular system of chicken is suggested by the finding that burimamide always blocked mepyramine potentiated secondary pressor response to histamine and its analogues.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two weeks post-death report by parents of siblings' grieving experience.

Nurses who work with children and families need to be aware of the impact that the death of sibling has on children. Although many children have experienced losses, the loss of a sibling of course has a tremendous affect. Nurses must educate parents and children about death and the affect on the entire family. Siblings should be involved in the communication about the impending death and in the funeral arrangements. Open communication between the dying child, the siblings and the parents is very important. Young children will have different needs than older children because of their difficulty in understanding the finality of death. It is natural for parents to try to protect their children from unpleasant experiences such as death and dying. Research supports the dying process including the funeral. Children and their families need support through out the dying experience including follow up after the actual death. They need to be assured that their feelings and actions are common to others that have suffered a significant loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

School-age children's and adolescents' adjustment when a parent has cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe school-age children's and adolescents' adjustment to parental cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective population control. SETTING: Screening cancer registries identified subjects at four Midwestern hospitals, including urban and rural settings of community and tertiary hospitals. All families were interviewed at home one time. SAMPLE: A convenience sample of 116 school-age children (6-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years) living in the home of a parent with cancer. METHODS: Data were collected using two forms of the Child Behavior Checklist and an investigator-developed demographic form. The ill parent, the partner, and the adolescent rated the adjustment. This study's data were compared with population data, and comparisons were made among raters and with the existing literature. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: School-age children's and adolescents' adjustment. FINDINGS: School-age children and adolescents of a parent with cancer have significantly more behavioral problems than were expected. The significant agreement among raters is of a modest magnitude but as strong as rater agreement reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Most school-age children and adolescents of a parent with cancer are well-adjusted, but a significant subset of youngsters is at risk for behavioral problems. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to assess ill parents' concerns about their youngsters, provide information to parents, adolescents, and school-age children, and institute appropriate referrals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid method for basophil count in domestic fowl.

A simple, rapid, and reproducible method for absolute basophil count in adult domestic fowl is described that uses toluidine-blue stain. The absolute basophil count was variable from bird to bird and breed to breed. The importance of a high basophil count in relation to inflammation and hypersensitivity in birds is discussed.

Animals↗