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Biomedical subjects

N Cochat

Publications and source records attributed to N Cochat.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Urinary tract infections in infants: medical management].

The risks of acute pyelonephritis in infants concern microbial invasion and parenchymal damage. There is a high rate of septicemia and of urinary malformations in children under 1 yr of age; in addition, the kidney is a growing organ with a high risk of scarring. Such parenchymal injury may lead to arterial hypertension, and renal failure when bilateral. Vesicoureteric reflux must be evaluated by ultrasound and cystogram; long-term renal scarring needs to be assessed by scintigraphy or pyelography when children are 7 yr old. Short- and long-term risks could be limited by early intravenous biantibiotherapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Urinary tract infections in children. Status in a pediatric hospital and sensitivity of bacterial strains to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid combination].

Three hundred bacterial strains from positive urine cultures were isolated over a 10 months period in paediatric hospitalized and out-patients. In addition to commonly used antibiotics, each strain was tested for amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (Augmentin, Beecham) susceptibility. This antibiotic, which is a potent inhibitor of bacterial beta lactamases, may be of interest in the treatment of urinary tract infections because of its pharmacokinetics and activity. The antibacterial activity of amoxycillin and Augmentin against Enterobacteriaceae with special reference to Escherichia coli was compared. The resistance phenotype of Enterobacteriaceae to amoxycillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin allows to anticipate the nature of the beta-lactamase produced by a particular strain, and infer the activity of Augmentin. The overall activity of Augmentin should be interpreted taking into account the resistance phenotypes. In our study, Augmentin was active against 90% of E. coli strains, almost all Proteus mirabilis and vulgaris strains but 9 out of 24 Klebsiella strains were resistant. Augmentin had no activity against nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae, nor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the other hand, its activity was of interest against penicillinase producing Staphylococcus. Our results confirm the interest of Augmentin as a preferential treatment of urinary tract infections in children.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1986

[Acute parvovirus B 19-induced erythroblastopenia and hereditary spherocytosis. Apropos of 1 pediatric case and review of the literature].

Authors report a new case of acute erythroblastopenia linked to a parvovirus B 19 infection by a 10 years old boy suffering from an hereditary spherocytosis. Aurillac antigen or parvovirus B 19 is one of the smallest virus to be known. It has been well demonstrated in vitro that the virus inhibits especially erythropoiesis but mechanism remains unclear. Systematic vaccination of all children at risk with congenital or acquired chronic haemolytic anaemia should be in the near future the best prophylaxis of parvovirus B 19 infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Study of the sensitivity of anaerobic bacteria using 2 dilution technics].

We studied forty-seven anaerobic strains recovered from blood cultures or pus from deep infections over three months. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested using two dilution techniques. For both, a standardized, controlled inoculum was used and strains with known susceptibilities were included. The first method consisted of dilution of antibiotics in Schaedler broth and MIC determination using microplates. In the second method, dilutions in Wilkins-Chalgren broth with 1.5 g/l agar and ATB-API plates were used; these plates are specially designed for anaerobes and have not yet been marketed. Advantages of dilution techniques for antibiotic sensitivity testing of anaerobes are recalled. Our findings establish that, under correct technical conditions, results of both methods studied are consistent.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗