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Biomedical subjects

N D Goncharova

Publications and source records attributed to N D Goncharova.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of aging on stress reactivity of the adrenal cortex in laboratory primates. Dependence on the time of day.

Age-specific differences in the reaction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system to acute psychoemotional stress (immobilization) was studied in female rhesus macaques aged 6-8 and 20-27 years at different time of the day. The reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system during immobilization at 15.00 was lower in old animals, while at 9.00 there were no age-specific differences or the reactivity was higher in old animals.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed2004

Age-associated changes in hormonal function of the pancreas and regulation of blood glucose in monkeys.

Age-associated changes in the concentrations of glucose, insulin, and DHEAS in peripheral blood plasma of female rhesus macaques were studied in intact animals and in response to a standard dose of glucose and insulin. Basal levels of insulin and glucose increased, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance decreased, and pancreatic reaction to glucose load was impaired in old monkeys. Insulin level positively correlated with glucose concentration, body weight, and abdomen circumference and negatively correlated with DHEAS level.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Age-related endocrine dysfunction in nonhuman primates.

Peculiarities of functioning of some parts of the endocrine system (the pineal gland, pancreatic gland, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis) in an aging nonhuman primate model (Papio hamadryas and Macaca mulatta) are described in this article. It has been established that basal activity of some endocrine functions (glucocorticoid, corticotropic, pancreatic, male estradiol producing) varies little with age. Other functions significantly decrease (DHEA/DHEAS-producing, pineal, testicular) or increase (male gonadotropic) with age. In contrast with basal activity, pronounced age-related changes in response to specific stimuli were detected in all endocrine functions. Old baboons and rhesus monkeys exhibited a delay of the normalization of the pituitary-testicular axis, adrenal cortex, and pancreatic gland function after their activation in response to specific stimuli, such as LHRH, CRH, ACTH, and glucose. Old monkeys also demonstrate decreased HPA axis sensitivity to glucocorticoid regulation by negative feedback and the HPT axis to inhibitory effect of prolonged administration of LHRH agonist. Age-related changes in reactions of endocrine functions in response to specific stimulating and inhibiting stimuli indicate impaired resiliency of these functions. Age-related endocrine changes perhaps play a pathophysiological role in age function disorders of hormonocompetent tissues and organs and age pathology.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

[Peptide correction of age-related pineal disturbances in monkeys].

Investigation of the age-related changes of the pineal gland function and possible ways for their overcoming on nonhuman monkey model was the purpose of this study. Hormonal function of the pineal gland was studied in 38 Macaca mulatta females of two age groups: 6-8 years old, n = 18 and 20-26 years old, n = 20. Pineal function was studied in basal conditions and after administration of pineal peptide preparations--epithalamin and epitalon, both developed in the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (Russia). It has been revealed that plasma melatonin concentration in monkeys has well expressed high amplitude diurnal rhythm. Minimum is manifested at 4 p.m. and maximum--at 10 p.m.-3 a.m. In aging the mean diurnal melatonin concentration decreases by 1.5-2 times as well as in different points of the day: 9 p.m., 10 p.m., 3 a.m. and 4 a.m. Administration of pineal peptides--epithalamin (at the dose 5 mg/animal/day intramuscularly during 10 consecutive days) or epitalon (at the dose 10 micrograms/animal/day intramuscularly during 7-10 consecutive days) induced significant increase in the night plasma melatonin in old monkeys, but the treatment did not change the melatonin level in young monkeys. Taking into consideration that melatonin is very important for regulation of the diurnal rhythm of functioning of some organs and systems it should be suggested that applying epithalamin and epitalon are perspective in the correction of age-related hormonal imbalance and age pathology.

Aging↗
PubMed2002

Age-associated endocrine dysfunctions and approaches to their correction.

This review discusses age-specific functional changes in different components of the endocrine system (pituitary, epiphysis, adrenals, and gonads), their role in aging and age-specific diseases, and possible approaches to correction of endocrine disorders and prevention of accelerated aging.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Changes of hormonal function of the adrenal and gonadal glands in baboons of different age groups.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the changes of hormonal function of the adrenals and gonads during aging in male baboons (Papio hamadryas). Basal levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, pregnenolone, and 17-hydroxypregnenolone progressively decrease with age from 10-15 years when analyzed by specific radioimmunoassay. However, no significant changes were found in cortisol and 11-desoxycortisol concentrations. The levels of sexual hormones did not differ in young and mature groups. In the 20-26-year-old animals, the concentration of testicular androgens showed a tendency to decrease, while the concentration of biologically active luteinizing hormone (LH) showed a tendency to increase. The old animals exhibited a decrease of plasticity of the pituitary testicular system, which was manifested in the deceleration of the decrease of LH and T concentrations after the peak values had been reached in response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) administration. The oldest male also developed some refractoriness of the pituitary gonadal system to the prolonged administration of LHRH agonist. The hormonal imbalance which develops with age may play an important role in the age-related involutional process.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1993

[Age-related characteristics of the regulation of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level in the peripheral blood plasma of monkeys].

The author presents the results of study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DEAS) regulation in the circulation of male monkeys (P. hamadryas) of different age groups young nature, 8-10, and old, 26 y.o.) by functional tests with chorionic gonadotropin, and a sensitive and specific direct radioimmunoassay of plasma DEAS level developed by the author. It has established that ACTE is the principal regulator of DEAS secretion in young nature monkeys. The level of DEAS secretion in old monkeys. Testicular DEAS secretion was also notes in young animals during hyperactivation of gonadal function. The author proposes the presence of a spare mechanism of activation of testicular steroidogenesis in monkeys (through on of sulfate conjugative precursors synthesis and their transformation into testosterone) which plays an important role in the androgenopoiesis in old animals.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1986

[Reaction of the system of specific cortisol transport to a hemoblastosis process].

The nature of interaction of cortisol with corticosteroid-binding globulin was studied in the blood plasma of normal subjects and patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Sex-dependent differences in cortisol interaction with corticosteroid-binding globulin were found in hemoblastosis patients. Male patients showed a decrease in the binding capacity of corticosteroid-binding globulin and an increase in the affinity constant and index of free cortisol. In females no significant changes were observed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Hormonal function of adrenal glands and gonads in patients with leukemia].

The steroid hormone patterns were investigated in peripheral blood of healthy subjects and patients with chronic lympholeukemia, chronic myeloleukemia and acute leukemia. In all types of leukemia, the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone were relatively lower, while testosterone concentration changes appeared to be sex-dependent: testosterone levels were lower in males and markedly higher in females.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Comparative characteristics of the adrenal and gonadal functions in human beings and hamadryas baboons with hemoblastosis].

Adrenal and gonad steroid hormones were investigated in the peripheral blood plasma of human beings and hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) with hemoblastosis. The similar hormonal dysfunction of adrenal glands and gonads was found in human beings and monkeys. The dehydroepiandrosterone level was found to decrease significantly, while the cortisol level increased markedly. Changes in the androgen level were sex-dependent. The testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels were found to decrease markedly in men and male baboons while the testosterone level in women and females was found to increase significantly with 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone unchanged.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

[Pattern of steroid hormones in patients with acute leukemia].

The cortisol metabolism was studied in patients with different variants of acute leukemia. In total amount of C21-steroid excreted with urine the portion of cortisol was decreased, the increased cortisol conversion into 20-dihydrometabolites and the decreased cortisol portion, conversed through the stage of cortisone into tetrahydrocortisone, were observed. Also, disturbances in steroid conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids and the increased progesterone concentration in peripheral blood plasma were noted.

Acute Disease↗