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Biomedical subjects

N Day

Publications and source records attributed to N Day.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Methodological issues in screening for dementia.

Screening for dementia in populations presents particular difficulties for researchers. In the absence of gold standards for diagnosis, the methods used must be determined by the purposes of the study. In two-stage epidemiological study the screening wave and the diagnostic instrument should be considered together in relation to a third proxy gold standard such as progression of the disorder to moderate and greater severity and neuropathological diagnosis. This provides a measure of the predictive performance of the original screening method and its diagnostic phase. To reduce the variance of estimates of prevalence and incidence it is suggested that the screening interview be a subset of the diagnostic interview.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Birth defects among children born to a population occupationally exposed to pesticides in Colombia.

A case-referent study of birth defects was nested in a prevalence survey of adverse reproductive outcomes carried out among 8867 floriculture workers in Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 535 children born to these workers and reported by their parents as malformed and 1070 children selected at random as referents were invited to a medical examination including consultation with a geneticist and a clinical teratologist and a review of the medical records. Seventy-six percent of both groups attended the examination. Of 403 children reported as malformed, a birth defect was confirmed for only 154 (38%). On the other hand, of the 817 children reported as normal, 735 (90%) were normal, but 68 had a birth defect and 14 had other conditions. A case-referent analysis was then carried out including 222 children with birth defects and 443 referents. An increased risk was found only for birthmarks, and specifically for hemangiomas, for children with parents exposed to pesticides in the floriculture industry.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1989

Pregnancy in women with systemic sclerosis.

We assessed fetal morbidity and mortality in women with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Women with a history of SSc and a concomitant pregnancy completed a detailed questionnaire about the pregnancy. These 48 subjects were age-matched and race-matched to 2 other groups of women (a rheumatoid arthritis group and a control group from the same neighborhood), all of whom had been pregnant at least once. There were no differences in the frequencies of miscarriage or perinatal death in the SSc group compared with the 2 control groups. Preterm births occurred slightly more frequently in both SSc patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with the neighborhood control subjects. There were significantly more small full-term infants born to women with SSc. Interestingly, the increase in preterm births and small full-term babies occurred with equal frequency prior to and after the onset of disease. Although close monitoring for premature birth and intrauterine growth retardation is necessary, we conclude that an uneventful, healthy pregnancy is possible for women with SSc. Those with early, rapidly progressive, diffuse skin thickening should avoid becoming pregnant since, intrinsically, they are at higher risk of developing renal crisis.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1986

Case-control study on colorectal cancer and diet in Marseilles.

A case-control study of cancer of the colon and rectum was conducted in the Marseilles region of southern France. Cases (399) and a corresponding number of controls, matched for age and sex, were included, the controls being selected from patients undergoing functional re-education for injuries or trauma which reduced their mobility. A dietary history questionnaire was used to determine the usual eating habits during the year preceding diagnosis for cases, or preceding interview for controls. The cases reported lower consumption of vegetables and oil than controls, but no differences were seen in the consumption of meat, bread, eggs or butter. The intake of several nutrients, particularly vitamins B2, B6, C, potassium, iron, magnesium and vegetable fibre, was lower among cases. However, when all these nutrients were analysed jointly and adjusted one for the other, only potassium retained a significant effect. This may be due to the high degree of colinearity between the estimated intake of many nutrients. No association was seen with fat or fibres from cereals.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Ingested mutagens from opium and tobacco pyrolysis products and cancer of the oesophagus.

Substances which are commonly sucked or chewed in two areas where the incidence of oesophageal cancer is high, the Transkei and north-east Iran, were tested in bacterial mutagenicity assays. Pyrolysed substances, opium dross in north-east Iran and tobacco pipe residues in the Transkei, displayed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence of rat liver microsomes.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The effect of mass screening in Iceland, 1965-74, on the incidence and mortality of cervical carcinoma.

A clinic for early detection of cancer of the uterine cervix has been in operation in Iceland since 1964, aimed until recently at the age-group 25-59. More than 85% of women in this age group have been screened at least once. Mortality from cancer of the cervix had been rising in Iceland, and continued to rise during the first few years of operation of the screening clinic. Since 1970, however, a more than two-fold reduction in mortality has been observed among women aged 25-59. There has been a similar decrease in incidence of tumours of stages II, III and IV. Both deaths and advanced tumours are largely confined to women who have never been screened. Alternative explanations are considered, but the only tenable explanation of the reduction in mortality is that it is a consequence of the introduction of a comprehensive screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Accelerating action of tea on mouse skin carcinogenesis.

The effect of different tannin-containing aqueous solutions on the carcinogenic action of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) on the mouse skin was investigated. It was found that the appearance of tumours was accelerated in mice treated with either tea or an oak extract after a single application of BP. The time of appearance of tumours in mice treated with gallic acid or tannic acid after treatment with BP was similar to that in the group treated with BP alone. The overall incidence of tumours was similar in all five groups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal marijuana use and neonatal outcome.

In a longitudinal study of marijuana and other substance use during pregnancy, women were interviewed at each trimester of pregnancy. Growth parameters, morphological abnormalities and gestational age were assessed for the 519 liveborn singletons. There were few significant effects of marijuana use during pregnancy on birth weight, head or chest circumference, gestational age, or growth retardation after adjustment for covariates using a regression model for analysis. There was a small but significant negative effect of marijuana use during the first two months of pregnancy on birth length and a positive effect of marijuana use during the third trimester on birth weight.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of prenatal tobacco and marijuana use on offspring growth from birth through 3 years of age.

This is a prospective study of prenatal substance use. Women were interviewed during their fourth and seventh months of pregnancy, at delivery, and at 8, 18, and 36 months postpartum. At birth, there were 763 liveborn, singleton offspring in the sample. At each phase, the offspring were examined and measured for growth. Data are presented on the relationship between tobacco and marijuana use and the size of the offspring at birth, 8, 18, and 36 months of age. At birth, there was a significant inverse relationship between tobacco use and weight, length, and head circumference. At 8 months of age, only length continued to be associated with prenatal tobacco exposure. By 18 months of age, there was no relationship between prenatal tobacco exposure and size of the offspring. Prenatal marijuana exposure was only associated with decreased length at birth. Neither tobacco nor marijuana use predicted gestational age or morphological abnormalities.

Child, Preschool↗