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Biomedical subjects

N Drouet

Publications and source records attributed to N Drouet.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparative effects of halothane associated with verapamil and ischaemia on myocardial metabolism in isolated perfused rat hearts.

The association of verapamil with halothane causes ischaemic-like myocardial dysfunction. Using an isolated rat heart model perfused with a radiolabelled fatty acid (123I-labelled iodohexadecenoic acid) as a sensitive marker of ischaemia this study investigated whether or not this dysfunction is of ischaemic origin. Hearts were perfused with a control solution or with solutions containing either 1% of halothane or 150 ng ml-1 of verapamil or the association of 0.75% halothane + 120 ng ml-1 verapamil. The ischaemic group was perfused at a reduced perfusion rate (-50%). Intracellular fate of IHA was assessed, and its esterification ratio computed. Ischaemia and the drugs induced a similar depression of haemodynamics. The esterification ratio in the ischaemic group was significantly higher (0.723 +/- 0.04) than in controls (0.0526 +/- 0.03) and than in the treated groups: halothane (0.533 +/- 0.06), verapamil (0.411 +/- 0.027) or the association halothane+verapamil (0.408 +/- 0.05), suggesting a non-ischaemic origin for the dysfunction caused by halothane-verapamil.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of postoperative pain in children].

Recent advances in neurophysiology and neurochemical management of pain has lead to a new concept in pain relief in the post-operative period. After a review of the pain perception mechanism and of the effects of antinociceptive drugs, the authors present simplified protocols for the management of post operative pain in pediatric surgery.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1990

[Hereditary angioneurotic edema. Management in pediatric surgery].

Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with serum deficiency of functionally active C1 inhibitor protein (type 1) or normal serum level of functionally deficient C1-inhibitor (type 2). These biochemical abnormalities induce a complement activation which leads to episodic swelling of interstitial tissues usually of the abdominal viscera and of the upper airway with resultant asphyxia. Vasoactive peptides from the degradation of component C2 of the complement along with an activation of basophils by chemotactic substances from the degradation of C3 and C5 are the main mechanisms involved in vasodilatation and swelling. Attacks of angioneurotic oedema, sometimes fatal when involving the upper airway, can occur during any but usually during ear-throat-nose, dental or facial surgery. This article describes the pathophysiology and the main features of the disease in children. It reviews the different treatments used to avoid attacks or to cure an attack of angio-oedema once it has begun, both during planed surgery and during emergency surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Antenatal emergency call. Indications. Role of the SAMU (Medical Emergency Care Services)].

The increased incidence of antenatal distress calls to the SAMU (emergency medical squad) by pediatric obstetricians in maternity departments (6 times in 5 years) poses the problem of recognizing their indications. Based on case reports of 128 newborns who profited from antenatal assistance, the authors attempt to define the indications. The elimination of student physicians in training for anesthesiology-intensive care, additional participants during SAMU transportation of patients, makes it even more necessary to define these indications accurately so that a single language of communication and procedure may be instituted for all who are involved in this effort.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1986

Haemodynamic and respiratory effects of post-operative doxapram and almitrine in patients following pneumonectomy.

Respiratory analeptics have been shown to give important increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in hypoxaemic respiratory failure patients, but no studies have been carried out in the post-operative recovery period. The aim of this study was to compare the haemodynamic and respiratory effects of doxapram and almitrine infusion given over 1 h in patients who had just undergone pneumonectomy. Two hours after the end of anaesthesia, three groups of randomly selected patients were therefore given 3 mg kg-1 doxapram (n = 10), 1 mg kg-1 almitrine (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). Measurements were made before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min after the beginning of the infusion. There was an immediate 15-20% fall (P less than 0.01) in PaCO2 and a 20% rise in PaO2 (P less than 0.005), identical for both drugs; the variations in the placebo group became significant only after 60 min. Heart rate and cardiac index did not change. Mean arterial pressure did not change with doxapram, but decreased by 20% during the infusion of almitrine (P less than 0.01), remaining low until the 90th min (P less than 0.05). This hypotension was due to a decrease in peripheral arterial resistance (P less than 0.05) and a small decrease in right atrial pressure (P less than 0.05). The mean pulmonary arterial and wedge pressures were increased before starting the infusion, and did not vary significantly. Pulmonary arterial resistance increased with both analeptics but only significantly with the doxapram (P less than 0.05) at 5, 60 and 90 min; however, there was no significant difference between doxapram and almitrine. The post-operative respiratory efficiency of these drugs has been confirmed, there being no difference between almitrine and doxapram. The haemodynamic effects were moderate, especially with almitrine. Both of these drugs, therefore, may be recommended for use after lung surgery.

Almitrine↗
PubMed1985

[Reassessment of the respective risks of anaphylaxis and histamine liberation with anesthetic substances].

A search of the French and English language literature of the last 20 years (1964-1984) yielded 975 cases of immediate anaphylactoid reactions due to anaesthetic drugs given parenterally. The accident mechanism was confirmed in only half the patients, and nearly always at a later date. The immunoallergological tests most often used in the diagnostic process were skin tests and Prausnitz-Küstner tests. Although all drugs could be responsible for an anaphylactic reaction, the greatest number of cases was due to muscle relaxants (51%) and hypnotic drugs (42.3%). The signs most often described were cutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory and occasionally gastro-intestinal. Whilst hypnotic drugs were responsible for cutaneous signs, muscle relaxants gave cardiovascular signs. A past history of drug allergy was found in 37% of cases, and atopy in 38%; virtually all patients had already had one or more anaesthetics.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[External use of sugar].

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Administration, Topical↗