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Biomedical subjects

N E Henderson

Publications and source records attributed to N E Henderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparison of acute swelling and function in subjects with lateral ankle injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective correlational study involving a convenience sample. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationships among figure-of-eight girth measurements and functional level in patients with acute lateral ankle sprains to determine the appropriate use of these clinical measures. BACKGROUND: Research has shown that subjective scales of perceived athletic ability and measurements of swelling are useful in assessing clinical improvement following an acute ankle sprain; however, the relationship between ankle swelling and level of function is not known. METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty-nine subjects (20 men, 9 women) varying in age from 18-59 years of age (mean age, 30.8 +/- 11.37) with acute lateral ankle sprains were included in this study. Each subject was evaluated by 1 of 3 raters for ankle girth, weight-bearing status, and functional level as determined by a modified Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale (AOS) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Index (FAAI). This study also investigated the relationship between these measures and the sport subscale of the FAAI (FAAI sport). This is an 8-item subscale which includes questions on running, jumping, landing, quick starts and stops, cutting or lateral movements, low impact activities, ability to perform an activity with normal technique, and ability to participate in desired sports. RESULTS: No significant correlations were found between figure-of-eight girth measurements and functional level. However, we did find moderate to good correlations between the FAAI vs. weight-bearing (rho = 0.73), FAAI vs. AOS (rho = -0.79), FAAI sport vs. weight-bearing (rho = 0.68), FAAI vs. FAAI Sport (rho = 0.73), weight-bearing vs. AOS (rho = -0.57), and FAAI Sport vs. AOS (rho = -0.50). CONCLUSIONS: The figure-of-eight method is highly reliable and is appropriate for measuring ankle swelling; however, it does not correlate with functional level as determined by the modified AOS, FAAI, or observed weight-bearing status during gait. Therefore, clinicians should refrain from making assumptions about function based on ankle swelling.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise in osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Few investigations include both subjective and objective measurements of the effectiveness of treatments for osteoarthritis of the knee. Beneficial interventions may decrease the disability associated with osteoarthritis and the need for more invasive treatments. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of physical therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee, applied by experienced physical therapists with formal training in manual therapy. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient physical therapy department of a large military medical center. PATIENTS: 83 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who were randomly assigned to receive treatment (n = 42; 15 men and 27 women [mean age, 60 +/- 11 years]) or placebo (n = 41; 19 men and 22 women [mean age, 62 +/- 10 years]). INTERVENTION: The treatment group received manual therapy, applied to the knee as well as to the lumbar spine, hip, and ankle as required, and performed a standardized knee exercise program in the clinic and at home. The placebo group had subtherapeutic ultrasound to the knee at an intensity of 0.1 W/cm2 with a 10% pulsed mode. Both groups were treated at the clinic twice weekly for 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Distance walked in 6 minutes and sum of the function, pain, and stiffness subscores of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). A tester who was blinded to group assignment made group comparisons at the initial visit (before initiation of treatment), 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 1 year. RESULTS: Clinically and statistically significant improvements in 6-minute walk distance and WOMAC score at 4 weeks and 8 weeks were seen in the treatment group but not the placebo group. By 8 weeks, average 6-minute walk distances had improved by 13.1% and WOMAC scores had improved by 55.8% over baseline values in the treatment group (P < 0.05). After controlling for potential confounding variables, the average distance walked in 6 minutes at 8 weeks among patients in the treatment group was 170 m (95% CI, 71 to 270 m) more than that in the placebo group and the average WOMAC scores were 599 mm higher (95% CI, 197 to 1002 mm). At 1 year, patients in the treatment group had clinically and statistically significant gains over baseline WOMAC scores and walking distance; 20% of patients in the placebo group and 5% of patients in the treatment group had undergone knee arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of manual physical therapy and supervised exercise yields functional benefits for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and may delay or prevent the need for surgical intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Injuries and injury risk factors among men and women in U.S. Army Combat Medic Advanced individual training.

No previous reports have evaluated injuries or injury risk factors during the advanced individual training (AIT) that follows the Army's initial or basic combat training (BCT). This study examined injuries and injury risk factors among 439 men and 287 women participating in combat medic AIT. A questionnaire addressing demographic and lifestyle characteristics (age, race, tobacco and alcohol use, physical activity, etc.) was administered to all subjects. Stature and body mass were obtained from battalion records. Injuries occurring during both BCT and AIT were transcribed from subject medical records. Results indicated that cumulative injury incidence (subjects with one or more injuries) in BCT was 26% for men and 52% for women (p < 0.01), in consonance with previous investigations. In AIT, injury incidence was 24% for men and 30% for women (p = 0.08). In both BCT and AIT, overuse injuries and lower body injuries accounted for the largest proportions of injuries by diagnosis and anatomical location. Logistic regression revealed that older age (> 25 years), split option (a break in service between BCT and AIT), and higher body mass were independent risk factors for AIT injuries among women. None of the examined variables were independent risk factors for AIT injuries among men.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling.

STUDY DESIGN: Single-group repeated measures with 2 raters. OBJECTIVES: To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of water volumetry and the figure of eight method on subjects with ankle joint swelling. BACKGROUND: Measurements of ankle swelling are commonly performed to determine the nature and stage of injury and to monitor progress made during rehabilitation. Water volumetry and the figure of eight method are 2 techniques used to measure ankle swelling. METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty-nine subjects with ankle swelling were measured by 2 raters with the hypothesis that both measurement techniques would be reliable. Each rater performed 3 measurements of the swollen ankle using both measurement techniques during a single test session. The order of the rater and of the measurement technique was randomized, and the raters were blinded to each other's measurements. RESULTS: We found high interrater reliability for both the water volumetry (ICC [intraclass correlation coefficient] = 0.99) and figure of eight methods (ICC = 0.98). Additionally, intrarater reliability was high for both raters using both methods (ICCs = 0.98-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Both methods are reliable measures of ankle swelling. The authors recommend the figure of eight method because of its ease of use, time efficiency, and cost effectiveness. However, water volumetry may be more appropriate when measuring diffuse lower-extremity swelling. Reliability of these 2 methods was established using subjects with foot or ankle pathology. Therefore, the results are applicable and generalizable to the clinical setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid hormone resistance in hibernating ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni. I. Increased binding of triiodo-L-thyronine and L-thyroxine by serum proteins.

Thyroid function was examined during the annual cycle of Richardson's ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsoni. A number of facets were measured to facilitate comparison of thyroid function in active, dormant, and aroused animals. This report discusses changes in the serum thyroid hormone and binding as assessed by radioimmunoassay, equilibrium dialysis, and competitive binding assays. During the hibernation phase (both dormant and aroused), total serum T3 (trioodo-L-thyronine) and T4 (L-thyroxine) are elevated over active levels, two- to fivefold and four- to sixfold, respectively. However, in dormant squirrels, both free T3 and free T4 are reduced compared with both active and aroused phases of the annual cycle, while in aroused squirrels there is an increase in free T3 but no change in free T4 compared with active squirrels. The difference between changes in total and free thyroid hormone levels in the three groups is due to changes in serum binding of thyroid hormone. There is a more than twofold increase in the capacity of a saturable T3-binding site in serum of both dormant and aroused squirrels, and there is an increase in serum binding affinity at the low core temperature of dormant squirrels (6 degrees). Therefore, even though serum total T3 and T4 are elevated during dormancy, free T3 and T4 levels are reduced to half of the levels in active squirrels as a consequence of increased serum binding capacity and affinity. In aroused animals, however, increased serum binding capacity only partially buffers the increase in total T3 and T4, so that free thyroid hormone levels exceed those of active squirrels.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid hormone resistance in hibernating ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni. II. Reduction of hepatic nuclear receptors.

Hepatic nuclear triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) receptors were studied to investigate the mechanism of thyroid hormone resistance in Richardson's ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni, during the hibernation phase of the annual cycle. The cycle is divided into an active phase and a hibernation phase, the latter composed of alternating dormancy and arousal bouts. In addition to animals in these three states, a group of cold-exposed animals was also examined (those animals held at 6 degrees which showed no indications of entering hibernation). Binding of T3, to squirrel hepatic nuclei from all groups, was characterized as high affinity, Kd ranging from 111 to 267 pM, and low capacity, 50 to 314 fmol T3/mg DNA. Based on these data, other criteria examined, and models established in the literature for other species, this binding site has been tentatively identified as a T3 receptor. Receptor concentrations in nuclei from dormant and aroused squirrels were only 15-20% of the concentration in active animals. There were no differences in the affinity of the T3 receptor over the annual cycle estimated by the in vitro assay at 24-26 degrees. The reduction in nuclear T3 receptors, together with the previously reported increase in serum binding of thyroid hormone, provides an explanation for thyroid hormone resistance during the hibernation phase in S. richardsoni.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Thyroidal iodine and thyroglobulin in hibernating and active Richardson's ground squirrels Spermophilus richardsoni.

Thyroidal iodine, protein and thyroglobulin (TG) were investigated in a hibernator, Spermophilus richardsoni, sampled in the field and from laboratory-held winter colonies. In field animals, thyroidal iodine and protein contents were similar at onset of hibernation and at terminal arousal. Iodine content was increased in laboratory-held animals, a function of alimentary supply, but no differences were observed between hibernators and non-hibernators. Density sucrose gradients showed that approx. 20% of the TG was present as the 12S precursor sub-unit. No variations in the iodine content, nor the iodoamino acid composition of the TG occurred as a function of hibernation.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1978

Mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in active and torpid ground squirrels, Spermophilus richardsoni.

1. Mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activity was assayed in liver homogenates from active and torpid ground squirrels. 2. Arrhenius plots of GPD activity were linear in non-hibernating animals and discontinuous in hibernators. Compared with non-hibernators, the energy of activation in hibernators was reduced between 37 and 25 degrees C, but increased between 25 and 6 degrees C. 3. A dose-response relation between GPD activity and injected thyroxine was determined in active animals. No correlation was found between enzyme activity at 37 or 6 degrees C and circulating titres of thyroid hormones, in ground squirrels sampled during the preparative and hibernating phases.

Animals↗