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Biomedical subjects

N Egund

Publications and source records attributed to N Egund.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Metaphyseal histology and magnetic resonance imaging in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease.

Cylindrical biopsy specimens from the proximal femoral metaphysis were obtained in conjunction with surgery in 22 patients with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. The histopathological examination revealed fat necrosis, vascular proliferation, and focal fibrosis indicating previous episodes of ischemia. There was no correlation between the histopathological findings and the corresponding magnetic resonance images.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The axial view of the patello-femoral joint. Description of a new radiographic method for routine use.

A new and simple method for the axial view of the patello-femoral joint is described. The patients are examined in the erect position with a standardized inclination of the lower leg of 15 degrees. If a high or a low vertical position of the patella occurs, the device allows a change of the inclination of the lower leg with optimum axial views as a result in more than 94 per cent of 300 knee examinations. The device is recommended for standardized and reproducible examinations of the patello-femoral joint.

Femur↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of symptomatic versus nonsymptomatic patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Radiographic sagittal displacement during weightbearing.

The sagittal anterior displacement of the tibia, induced by weightbearing, in chronic anterior cruciate ligament-insufficient knees was measured radiographically in 2 groups of patients. All patients in both groups had an increased laxity when assessed with the Lachman and flexion-rotation-drawer test. Sixteen patients were functionally improved and were relatively asymptomatic after a neuromuscular rehabilitation program, while the second group consisted of another 16 patients with persistent functional instability, despite the same rehabilitation program, who eventually had ligament reconstruction. The mean radiographic anterior displacement during weightbearing in the nonsymptomatic group was 4.3 mm, and 8 patients had a displacement < or = 2 mm. In the symptomatic group, the corresponding value was 8.1 mm (P < 0.05), and 3 patients had a displacement < or = 2 mm. No correlations to meniscal injuries, age, or time from injury were found between the patients having a displacement >2 mm and those with < or = 2 mm. The findings should be explained by differences in neuromuscular control of the increased laxity in the injured knee.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pitfalls in ultrasonography of hip joint synovitis in the child.

The normal and abnormal anatomy of the hip joint in childhood was evaluated by ultrasonography (US) with reference to examination technique and errors. When compared with computed tomography (CT), it was confirmed that the two sonographic echoes from the hip joint represent the femoral neck and the external surface of the capsule and that the thickness of the echo received from the capsule depends on the frequency of the transducer. Partial volume effects may simulate or increase the sonographic appearance of hip joint effusion. The normal relationship between joint capsule and femoral neck was established.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of humeral head cup arthroplasties. A preliminary report.

Computed tomography (CT) was employed to evaluate resurfacing metal cup arthroplasties, in shoulders affected by rheumatoid arthritis. Reconstruction of the information obtained, with the high frequency filter, resulted in an image of the cement and skeletal structures inside the cup. This new application of CT may prove valuable in assessing the complications and results of cup arthroplasties.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conventional radiography in transient synovitis of the hip in children.

Conventional radiography was performed at diagnosis and at follow-up 5 to 9 months later in 70 children with transient synovitis of the hip. Twenty-four of the patients also had CT examination at diagnosis. The cartilaginous and osseous reaction in the conventional antero-posterior radiographs was studied as was the relation between the radiographic and CT findings concerning fat planes, joint effusion, and position of the hip joint. At diagnosis there was significant increase in the medial joint space and at follow-up examination there was significant increase in medial and cranial joint space, metaphyseal width and acetabular roof width. There was a correlation of a bulging lateral 'capsular fat plane' to the position of abduction in the affected hip which explains the asymmetry in the lateral fat plane observed in these patients.

Acetabulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital radiography of the spine, large bones and joints using stimulable phosphor. Early clinical experience.

The value of digital radiography in musculoskeletal disorders was investigated by assessing its ability to depict anatomic structures and common radiologic features as compared with the conventional film-screen combination. The digital image that was frequency modified was superior to conventional films in delineating soft tissue structures and for areas with large attenuation differences. The conventional film-screen system was superior in depicting small anatomic structures and in identifying the zone close to prostheses. This was explained by the high spatial resolution of the conventional film system and the disturbing halo effect around the prosthesis seen with digital images. The halo effect is an overshoot caused by the unsharp masking operator, which was in this series not changed for individual examinations. The exposure (radiation dose) could be reduced to 50 per cent using the digital system, without any loss of information.

Arthrography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.

The cervical spine was examined with MR imaging and conventional radiography in 23 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. All patients had neck pain and 17 also had neurologic symptoms. MR provided detailed information about soft-tissue lesions, vertebral dislocation, and narrowing of the spinal canal. Pannus surrounding the odontoid process was revealed in 14 patients, all with horizontal atlantoaxial subluxation. Compression of the medulla and/or spinal cord, caused by dislocated vertebrae and/or the soft-tissue mass around the odontoid process, was seen in 15 patients. When there was more than one dislocation the most important level could be determined. Posterior occipitocervical fusion had been performed in six of the patients, and in only two of these was adequate analysis of the upper cervical spine impossible because of artifacts from metal (stainless steel wires and pins). Sagittal MR in the neutral position combined with conventional radiography, including lateral views in flexion and extension, provided all the information necessary for further clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The vertical position of the patella. A new radiographic method for routine use.

Patella height was defined by the distance between the midpoint of the articular surface of the patella and the condylar plane, which was constructed perpendicular to the mechanical axis of the tibia. In two series of normal individuals the measured distances were related to body height and the length of the lower leg and thus expressed as its ratio, which was the same in both sexes. The measurements were performed on lateral radiographs of the knee and lower leg obtained in weight-bearing and 30 degrees to 40 degrees of knee flexion using a simple device to obtain a standardized position of the lower leg during the examination. The standing position is proposed for these measurements since the patellar ligament is shorter in the recumbent position. The method can be used for biomechanical analysis of the femoropatellar joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament and sagittal disalignment of the knee in weight-bearing.

Twenty-nine patients with late reconstructive surgery for anterior cruciate ligament lesions had a clinical and radiologic follow-up ten years after injury. Anterior sagittal displacement of the tibia was recorded on the routine standing radiographs in 16 knees all having a normal femoro-tibial alignment in the non-weight-bearing position. Five of eleven patients with sagittal displacement of between 10 and 19 mm had early osteoarthrosis, which was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging in four cases; their ages ranged from 23 to 38 years. No radiographic signs of osteoarthrosis were observed in those with displacements of less than 10 mm. In some patients there was a discrepancy between the clinical and radiographic measurements of instability. In addition to the clinical tests of instability standing rather than non-weight-bearing lateral radiographs are suggested for the routine assessment of cruciate ligament injuries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiography and scintigraphy in the assessment of early gonarthrosis.

The radiographic and scintigraphic appearances in early gonarthrosis were compared in 62 knees. Early femorotibial osteoarthrosis was found to be confined to one compartment (medial or lateral) of the joint. However, concomitant patellofemoral osteoarthrosis was common. 99Tcm-MDP scintigraphy was consistently positive when the joint space (femorotibial and patello-femoral) was reduced by 75 per cent or more. Joint space narrowing by as much as 50 per cent could be observed in a scintigraphically normal knee. The inconsistency between the radiologic and scintigraphic findings in the earliest stages of gonarthrosis points to the importance of appropriate radiographic technique.

Aged↗