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Biomedical subjects

N Emekli

Publications and source records attributed to N Emekli.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Salivary thromboplastic activity in diabetics and healthy controls.

Coagulative function of saliva derives from the thromboplastin found in saliva. It may establish hemostasis in the mouth. Salivary disfunction and changes in salivary composition and are frequent complications of diabetes. This study investigated the influence of some local etiologic and systemic factors on salivary thromboplastic activity (STA) in diabetics. In this study, cytological smears and biochemical tests were used. STA was measured by Quick's one stage method, serum glucose by the glucose oxidase method, and salivary protein by the method of Lowry. STA was almost the same in the diabetic and control groups. The only statistically significant difference within the diabetic group was found to be due to antibiotic usage. STA, i.e. clotting time, was 30% longer (114 s) ( p<0.05) and salivary protein (4.07 mg ml(-1)) ( p<0.1) was lower in diabetics not taking antibiotics than in those taking them. No such differences were observed in the healthy controls. Significant linear correlations ( p<0.05) with respect to STA were with salivary protein in the control group (r=0.61) and in the diabetic group (r=0.51) and with antibiotic usage (r=0.29), with leukocyte cell count (r=0.27) in the diabetic group. It can be concluded that salivary cells, proteins and antibiotic usage are important for STA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Mycological and cytological examination of oral candidal carriage in diabetic patients and non-diabetic control subjects: thorough analysis of local aetiologic and systemic factors.

In this study, 55 diabetic patients and 45 non-diabetic control subjects were examined to determine oral candidal carriage state. The influence of some local aetiologic and systemic factors such as: salivary flow rate and pH, heredity, alcohol drinking, smoking habits, antimicrobial therapy, wearing of denture, burning sensation, dry mouth, taste alteration and tooth brushing habit on candidal carriage rate were investigated. Imprint culture, cytological smears and biochemical tests were used. Oral carrier rate and density of Candida species were non-significantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic control subjects. This increase was confirmed cytologically too. In both groups, Candida albicans was found to be a predominant species on tongue dorsum. Cigarette and alcohol habits of men were higher while tooth brushing habit was less than in women in diabetic and control groups. Salivary flow rate and pH values of diabetic patients were significantly lower while serum glucose values were significantly higher than of non-diabetic controls. The rate of diabetic patients suffering from dry mouth and having diabetic heredity in the family were significantly higher than control subjects. The candidal colonization was higher and keratinization was lower while diabetic treatment tended from diet and oral antidiabetic towards insulin. The decrease in salivary pH, the increase in serum glucose and wearing denture were correlated with the increased rate and density of C. albicans in both groups. Keratinization was also accompanied with the increase in leucocytes. In diabetic group, positive correlations were found between antimicrobial therapy and C. glabrata carriage; the increase in leucocytes and C. albicans carriage; the increase in keratinization and alcohol habit; serum glucose and smoking habit; dry mouth complaint and antimicrobial therapy. There was a negative correlation between salivary flow rate and C. albicans carriage. In control group a positive correlation was found between antimicrobial therapy and keratinization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The effect of Glurenorm (gliquidone) on lenses and skin in experimental diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of administering Glurenorm (gliquidone, 10 mg/kg) on the lenses and skins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The drug was given to both diabetic and control rats daily, until the end of the experiment, at day 42. The drug was administered to one diabetic and one control group from day 0 and for the other diabetic and control groups from day 14. On day 42, cardiac blood samples, skin samples, and lenses were taken from each rat. Blood glucose (BG) was measured by the o-toluidine method. The total protein, nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins (NEG), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels in the lens and skin homogenates were determined by the Lowry, thiobarbituric acid, Ledwozwy, and Ellman methods, respectively. Laemmli SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also carried out on the lens or skin homogenates. After 42 d, Glurenorm given to the diabetic rats produced (i) significant reductions in BG, NEG, and total protein in the lenses; (ii) significant increases in GSH levels in the lenses; (iii) and no significant results in the skin. The body weights of the drug group dropped relative to day 0, but not significantly. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any of the protein bands between any of the groups. In the lenses, the gains in turns of reduced NEG and increased GSH may have been offset by the reduction in protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats.

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is one of the medicinal herbs used by diabetics in Turkey and it has been reported to reduce blood glucose. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the effect of feeding parsley on diabetes induced impairments in rat skins. Uncontrolled induced diabetes caused significant increases in nonenzymatic glycosylation of skin proteins, lipid peroxidation and blood glucose. Administration of parsley extract did not inhibit these effects except for the increase in blood glucose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between any of the groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Salivary sialic acid, protein, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and caries indices in subjects with Down's syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare salivary sialic acid, protein, salivary flow rate, pH and buffering capacity and caries indices between subjects with Down's Syndrome and healthy controls. METHODS: Unstimulated mixed saliva was collected from 26 Down's syndrome subjects and 25 healthy subjects of age range 6-24 years. Total protein was determined by the method of Lowry and total sialic acid using Ehrlich reagent. Laemmli SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also carried out. RESULTS: Buffering capacity and pH were quite similar for both groups. For permanent dentition subjects pH was significantly higher (P = 0.03) in the Down's syndrome group. The salivary flow rate of the Down's syndrome subjects was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of healthy controls and the Down's syndrome subjects' salivary protein and sialic acid levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001). The ratios of total sialic acid to total protein were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the Down's syndrome group. However, salivary sialic acid expectoration rates, a means of compensating for flow rate differences, were significantly lower (P = 0.01) in the Down's syndrome subjects than in controls. Electrophoresis revealed no significant differences between the protein bands of the groups. There were no significant differences in caries indices between groups, even when compensated for age, nor in the salivary parameters within groups between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Total salivary sialic acid in Down's syndrome subjects, higher in terms of levels but lower in terms of expectoration rates, was significantly different from that of controls of similar caries indices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Effect of vitamin B6 on lenses of diabetic rats.

Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein. In this study the effect of vitamin B6 on diabetes induced impairments in rat lenses was investigated. Although macroscopic examination revealed no opacification of rat lenses in any groups, uncontrolled induced diabetes caused significant decreases in lens glutathione and increases in lens protein nonenzymatic glycosylation and blood glucose. Administration of vitamin B6 did not inhibit these diabetes induced alterations significantly. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed some significant differences in some protein bands between groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Salivary sialic acid and cancer.

In this preliminary study the salivary sialic acid levels in 56 randomly selected cancer patients of different ages were compared with those of 70 healthy controls of similar age distribution. The cancer patients consisted of 25 women and 31 men. Twenty were suffering from lung cancer. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected by expectoration. The mean sialic acid levels were 185 +/- 22.8 mg/dl in the cancer group and 6.2 +/- 3.72 mg/dl in the controls and the difference between them was significant (p < 0.0001). The subjects were also grouped according to age and cancer type. However there were no significant differences in sialic acid levels between these.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A method for preparing collagen graft materials.

The aim of this research was to develop a method of local production of collagen graft materials which are presently imported. The following methods were used to produce collagen membrane and sponge from human placentas and rat tail tendons. Collagen type I was isolated from human placenta and rat tail tendon by acetic acid extraction and characterised by SDS-PAGE. The collagen sponge was prepared by dissolving the collagen in HCl. The resulting dispersion was poured into a glass container, freeze-dried and then cross-linked by immersion in glutaraldehyde solution. It was then washed with distilled water and freeze-dried again. The collagen membrane was also similarly prepared by dispersing lyophilized collagen in HCl but then mixed with glutaraldehyde, exposed to U.V. light and later air dried.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Nonenzymatic glycosylation of tissue and blood proteins.

A brief description of the phenomenon of nonenzymatic glycosylation will be presented, some examples given from the literature and then a brief summary of the results of laboratory research conducted in this area by myself and coworkers since 1981. Excessive glycosylation causes undesirable changes in proteins. Such glycosylation also occurs to collagen in oral tissue. In a study on induced experimental diabetes in rats we observed a defective platelet aggregation curve for gingival collagen. Glycosylation of proteins is known to result in functional defects, for example hemoglobin acquires an increased affinity for oxygen. Glycosylation of rat and bovine lens crystallins has been reported as being an important genesis of cataracts in diabetes. Increased glycosylation of submandibular collagen has been shown to occur in diabetes. However collagen from normal subjects has also been found to show an age related advanced glycosylation end product pigment. Increased platelet membrane protein glycosylation has been reported and the hyperaggregation typically observed in these cases thought to be due to glycosylation. The presence of red cell membrane proteins has also been reported and the impairment of red cell function in diabetes has been reported in cases of excessive glycosylation. According to some investigators cataract formation is prevented by some specific drug which inhibits the glycosylation of lens crystallins. Vitamin C has lowering effects on nonenzymatic glycation. Dentists should take into account the possibility of glycosylation of oral proteins such as collagen in cases of impaired gingiva tooth connection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Lens glutathione, lens protein glycation and electrophoretic patterns of lens proteins in STZ induced diabetic rats.

As diabetes is a very complex disease, with the pathological symptoms varying with age, diabetic type and means of control, it still warrants many in vivo and in vitro studies. During hyperglycaemia, increases in the sorbitol pathway, nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins and damage to antioxidant systems have been reported to cause opacification of the lens leading to cataract formation. In this study, intracapsular extracts of lenses from STZ induced diabetic female rats were examined. Total protein, glutathione and nonenzymatic glycosylation were determined by the Lowry, Ellman reagent and thiobarbituric acid methods respectively. Laemmli protein electrophoresis was also carried out on the lens homogenates. After a period of as short as 5 weeks, a decrease in lens glutathione, and an increase in nonenzymatic glycosylation of lens proteins were found. The electrophoresis showed an increase in proteins of high molecular weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Lipid composition of nipple discharges of women with galactorrhea.

The biochemical nature of nipple discharge, including galactorrhea, and the physiology of lactation in patients with nipple discharge have not been studied extensively. Studies of the composition of nipple discharges may provide further insight into the complex processes involved in their secretion. In this study we compared the lipid composition of nipple discharges from patients with galactorrhea with that of human colostrum. The diagnosis of galactorrhea was confirmed by the presence of casein, detected by the anti-casein radial immunodiffusion test. Triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid levels in the nipple discharge samples were quite high compared with the colostrum samples. The proportion of 6:0 and 22:1 fatty acids was lower in the discharge samples and the proportion of 18:2 and 20:4 fatty acids was higher. Levels of phospholipid and neutral lipids, determined by quantitative densitometry in situ after separation by thin layer chromatography, also varied between discharge and colostrum, with a higher level of free fatty acids and triglyceride fractions in the nipple discharge. The lipoprotein electrophoretic bands of the nipple discharge samples resembled serum lipoprotein bands while colostrum samples gave no bands on electrophoresis.

Caseins↗
PubMed1994

Salivary protein and some inorganic element levels in healthy children and their relationship to caries.

The levels of salivary proteins and some inorganic elements were measured in healthy children who were divided into 3 groups according to dentition. The study was prompted by the fact that there have been few studies on salivary composition and most of them have measured only a few components in children. Salivary protein was determined by the method of Lowry; protein electrophoresis carried out as described by Laemli; Na and K concentration was measured by flame photometry and Ca, Mg, Cl and P measured colorimetrically using Randox diagnostic kits. Significant differences were found between the groups for Mg, Na, total protein and some protein bands (obtained by electrophoresis). In all dentition groups, there was no significant difference in any of the levels between the children with and without caries. Salivary inorganic composition, total protein concentration and some protein bands rose linearly with age. Salivary protein and all the above inorganic element levels rose linearly with total caries surface area (Ds + ds), except for Mg which decreased linearly. Some of the protein bands decreased with Ds + ds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Serum nickel levels of diabetic patients and healthy controls by AAS with a graphite furnace.

In this study, serum nickel levels of diabetic patients and healthy controls were determined by AAS with a graphite furnace. The serum nickel concentrations were found to be 1.15 +/- 1.89 micrograms/L in healthy controls and 0.82 +/- 0.74 microgram/L in diabetics. There was, however, no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.13). The relationship of nickel levels to diabetes type and duration, diabetic complications and treatment, sex, age, and heredity was investigated. However, again no significant differences were found, nor was there any correlation between serum nickel levels and blood sugar, HBa1c, fructosamine, sialic acid levels, and age.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen and its relation to glycosylated haemoglobin in acute short-term diabetes.

Non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen from rat-tail tendon was measured using the thiobarbitüric acid method in both normal and diabetic rats. Results were correlated with the glycosylated haemoglobin values. The non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen increased in diabetics and showed a weak correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.735). Our findings showed that acute short-term diabetes can also cause an increase in non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen and haemoglobin.

Acute Disease↗