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Biomedical subjects

N Freudenberg

Publications and source records attributed to N Freudenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Partnership after induced abortion: a prospective controlled study.

To study the social and psychological consequences of induced abortion on the relationship between the pregnant woman and her partner, 92 patients seeking a socially indicated abortion, who had a stable partner at the time of abortion, were interviewed. Standardized psychological measures were used to assess their partnerships before abortion and on follow-up 1 year later. A control group of 92 patients (matched for age, marital status, duration of partnership, number of children, and educational background), drawn from a larger sample of women using safe contraceptive methods, completed the same psychological measures. Prior to abortion, partnerships in the study group showed considerably more conflicts and were less harmonious than in the control group. One year after the abortion, the number of separations in the study group was not significantly higher than in the control group, nor were there any remaining qualitative differences in the partnerships of either group. When separations occurred, they had been more frequently initiated by women in the study group than in the control group.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

The role of macrophages in the uptake of endotoxin by the mouse liver.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the macrophage subpopulations involved in the uptake of endotoxin in the liver. The results show that in normal B10.D2 mice the liver macrophages constitute a heterogeneous population of cells which, depending on their state of differentiation, are distinguished by their differential distribution in the liver acinus and by their ability to phagocytose latex. Following the intravenous administration of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide = LPS) from Salmonella abortus equi, endotoxin-carrying non-parenchymal cells of the liver (NPLC) were investigated immunohistochemically (in situ) and immunocytochemically (after isolation) between 1 h and 14 days after the injection. The endotoxin content of the blood and of isolated NPLC was also determined, using radioactivity labeled LPS. Following LPS injection, the total number of macrophages in the liver increased, reaching a maximum after 3 days. There was a striking increase in the ratio of mature to immature macrophages. After day 3, the number of macrophages decreased again, returning to the pre-injection values by day 14. 1 h after the administration of LPS, 41% of the isolated NPLC were already endotoxin-positive, a percentage which remained constant until the 3rd day. Thereafter, the number of LPS-bearing cells increased to a maximum of about 52% on the 5th day. This increase mostly involved macrophages which had taken up endotoxin. Concurrent with these changes there was a threefold increase in radioactivity-labeled LPS from the 7th h to the 5th day after injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The role of community organizations in AIDS prevention in two Latino communities in New York City.

Black and Latino community organizations can play a major role in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention. Their ongoing relationships with their constituents, knowledge of relevant cultural values and channels of communication, and commitment to safeguard the well-being of their neighborhoods are an important resource for AIDS prevention campaigns. In order to better understand the process by which community groups have taken on the issue of AIDS, investigators conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 47 neighborhood organizations in two primarily Latino communities in New York City. Researchers also attended community meetings, interviewed AIDS educators, and conducted focus groups with respondents. More than half the groups had already sponsored some AIDS prevention activities prior to the first interview. More active groups were more likely to have multiple missions, previous experience with the target population, and prior experience working with people with AIDS. Respondents reported a variety of obstacles to more active involvement in AIDS prevention at the community, organizational, and individual levels. To strengthen the role of community organizations in AIDS prevention, more resources should be provided to grass roots groups, AIDS should be linked to other urgent social problems facing black and Latino communities, and funders and AIDS organizations should respond more flexibly to the needs of neighborhood organizations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland.

Primary extraosseous osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland is a rare tumor which is associated with a poor prognosis. In this report, we discuss such a tumor and its recurrence in a 78-yr-old female with multinodular goiter, focusing on the imaging evaluation of this unusual tumor.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Humate-induced activation of human granulocytes.

Naturally occurring humic substances are particular chemical compounds which are found in humus. They bind to carbohydrates, amino acids and steroids by means of hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds and epsilon donor-acceptor complexes. Three specimens of low-molecular humic substances were tested (two naturally occurring humates and one synthetically prepared humate). They were all capable of stimulating certain functions of human neutrophils (PMN), such as the respiratory burst which results in the production of toxic oxygen compounds. This PMN stimulation can be demonstrated with the help of chemiluminescence, as well as by cytochemistry and with the electron microscope. The main product of the humate-induced PMN response is H2O2. There was no activation of neutrophilic chemokinesis or chemotaxis. It is suggested that the low-molecular humic substances originating from decaying organic material contain chemical structures which can act as signals to change dormant PMN into activated cells.

Acridines↗
PubMed1990

Treatment with diltiazem preoperatively in open heart surgery for myocardial protection: experimental studies in dogs with chronic healed myocardial infarction.

Calcium antagonists have become important in open heart surgery because of their effects on myocardial protection and cardioplegia. We evaluated the effect of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist diltiazem for myocardial protection in dogs with experimentally induced, chronic, healed myocardial infarction in a double-blind randomized study. One group consisted of 5 dogs treated with diltiazem (10 mg/kg bodyweight) for 7 days preoperatively, while a second group of 4 dogs were treated with placebo. All animals then underwent hypothermic, ischemic cardiac arrest (90 min) with extracorporeal circulation (ECC), followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after ECC. An EKG was recorded during the entire procedure. The myocardium was studied by light microscopy for fresh necroses. The old, experimentally induced infarction scars were quantified by a new method that was developed for planimetry of the histological specimens. The diltiazem group compared with the placebo group showed myocardial cell necroses to a smaller extent. The hemodynamic studies supported the contention that diltiazem given preoperatively has a myocardial protective effect. These results encourage further studies on the use of diltiazem preoperatively for myocardial protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Expandable tubular stents for treatment of arterial occlusive diseases: experimental and clinical results. Work in progress.

The balloon-expandable vascular prosthesis consists of a flexible, knitted tantalum wire mesh tube. To demonstrate its pliability, this prosthesis was tested experimentally in 10 mongrel dogs by implanting it into the proximal femoral arteries. The maximum follow-up time was 1 year. On the basis of the experimental results, in which there was no relevant stenosis, occlusion, or migration of the vascular prosthesis, nine patients were treated: one with iliac artery occlusive disease and eight with superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease (four reocclusions after angioplasty and four unsatisfactory primary angioplasty results). One SFA lesion was treated with the crossover method from the contralateral side. All implants remained patent without hemodynamically significant stenoses, with the longest observation time being 6 months. Flexible, expandable vascular prostheses are promising adjuncts to angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

AIDS prevention in the United States: lessons from the first decade.

AIDS prevention programs in the United States have been relatively successful in providing accurate information on AIDS to a wide cross-section of the population, but less successful in helping people to change their risk behavior. The most significant changes have been reported in urban gay men, with lower levels of change in drug users, and the least change in young adult heterosexuals. Various obstacles to effective AIDS prevention interventions have been identified, including too great an emphasis on information; a reliance on one-way rather than interactive communication; a narrow categorical approach to AIDS; a failure to integrate prevention and treatment services; and unwillingness to acknowledge widespread distrust of government, scientists, and health officials; and a focus on individual behavior rather than the social and political factors that shape behavior. To address these obstacles, AIDS educators should identify and strengthen those cultural forces that support prevention while also challenging those that block it. AIDS prevention programs need to be integrated into other programs serving community needs, especially into those grassroots organizations that can raise questions of gender behavior and drug use. While AIDS organizations should help meet the service needs of people with AIDS, they must also play a role in mobilizing communities to demand the resources they need to contain the further spread of the epidemic. Finally, AIDS prevention programs need to be linked to a vision of a better world in which the conditions that have contributed to the rapid spread of HIV infection are addressed and improved.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasms type IIa using DNA analysis].

The gene causing MEN IIa has recently being assigned to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10. We performed linkage analysis using DNA-markers closely related to the chromosomal locus at chromosome 10: MCK II, retinol binding protein cDNA and cTBIRBP-9. Available for the study were EDTA blood from two families. The analysis was positive in two asymptomatic offsprings in one family (B), whereas the markers were not informative in the other family (A). Genetic distance of the informative marker of family A to MEN IIa gene is 2 cM, i.e. a likelihood of 98% (95% up a confidence limit with 5%) for the gene carrier status of two children aged 11 and 7 y old. The following clinical investigation including pentagastrin test, plasma catecholamines and 24 hour urine catecholamines and parathormone was negative until now. We recommend early linkage analysis for establishing the genetic status in offspring of MEN IIa families to focus further screening to those, who are predicted to be gene carrier.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

[Septicopyemia].

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Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1978

Shaping the future of health education: from behavior change to social change.

The view that individual behavior change is the primary goal of health education presents several serious problems. Although individual behavior does contribute to health and disease, social organization is perhaps a more powerful influence. The use of behavior change as the primary tool for health education raises grave ethical issues. Health education which seeks to change individual behavior has also failed to have a significant impact on public health. An alternative strategy is health education for social change. The goal of this approach is to involve people in collective action to create health promoting environments and life-styles. Several contemporary models for and principles characteristic of health education for social change are described.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1978

[Shock lung].

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Humans↗