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N Fujiyama

Publications and source records attributed to N Fujiyama.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Genetic architecture for normal and novel host-plant use in two local populations of the herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna pustulosa.

Trade-offs in host-plant use are thought to promote the evolution of host specificity. However, usually either positive or no genetic correlations have been found. Whereas factors enhancing variation in overall viability have been claimed to mask negative genetic correlations, alternative hypotheses emphasize the sequential changes in genetic correlation in the course of host-range evolution. In this study, the genetic architectures of performances on different hosts were compared in two populations of the herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna pustulosa, using three host plants, one being normal for both, one novel for only one population, and the other novel for both populations. The genetic correlations between larval periods on normal hosts were significantly positive whereas those between normal and novel hosts were not different from zero. There was no evidence for reduced genetic variation on the normal host-plants. These results suggest that the host-range is not restricted by the antagonistic genetic associations among exploitation abilities on different plant species, but rather that selection of different host-plants may improve the coordination between genes responsible for the use of different plants.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of genetic variation in growth performance on normal and novel host plants in a local population of a herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata.

Local populations of herbivore species that display variation in host plant use are subject to natural selection for improved ability to use their own host species. Since natural selection changes the frequency of alleles that control host use, genetic variation in growth performance on host plants may change with each generation of selection. Therefore, within-population variations in the ability to use different hosts may reflect past selective forces. The present study reports the genetic variation in growth performance in a population of the herbivorous ladybird beetle, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata Motschulsky (Coccinellidae, Epilachninae) on both the normal host and a novel host. The present study found higher heritabilities for growth performance on the novel host than the normal host. The difference in heritabilities was caused by smaller among-family variance components on the normal host compared to those on the novel host. The results are compatible with the view that natural selection, which improved the ability of the population to use a particular host plant, has reduced genetic variation within that population in the ability to use that host plant. The pattern of reduced genetic variation in a population reared on the normal host observed in the present study is compared with that in another population, which showed local adaptation in the use of its own host plant. The effect of natural selection on differing host plant use on within-population genetic variation is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

Local therapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: part I.

One-hundred-fifteen patients with cervical cancer were treated by placing bleomycin, carbazilquinone (Carboquone), and 5-fluorouracil suppositories in contact with cancer lesions located in the vaginal portion of the uterus or by inserting them into the cervical canal, twice a week, one to 14 times. The cancer lesions disappeared form 17 to 33 patients with Stage 0 lesions and 9 of 42 with Stage IA lesions. The remaining lesions were principally found in the deep portion of the cervical glands and tended to decrease the more often the suppositories were applied. This led to the presumption that if this local therapy had been carried on longer it would have eradicated even the remaining lesions from the patients with Stage 0 and IA lesions. The optimal per administration dose of bleomycin appeared to be 30 mg. The use of Witepsol (Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft, F.R.G.) suppository base was accompanied by frequent adverse reactions to it, which hindered the local therapy from being repeated over long periods of time. An equal amount mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose and carbomer (Carbopol 934) as the suppository base was accompanied by relatively less adverse reactions, which permitted the prolonged local therapy with the suppositories. A trace of bleomycin was also found in the ovaries, but it did not cause microscopically evident histologic changes, nor did it affect the menstrual cycle. If early cancer can be treated completely by local therapy, it will be useful for the younger patient with early cervical cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Erythropoietin levels in the course of a patient with erythropoietin-producing renal cell carcinoma and transplantation of this tumor in nude mice.

Erythropoietin was measured by exhypoxic polycythemic mouse method in the course of a 64-yr-old male with renal cell carcinoma associated with erythrocytosis. Serum erythropoietin fluctuated with progression of the disease. Preoperative elevated erythropoietin (0.11 U/ml, p greater than 0.05) subsided after nephrectomy and again increased with developing lung metastasis (0.1 U/ml, p greater than 0.02). Erythropoietin was markedly increased in the tumorous extracts from primary renal cell carcinoma in the kidney (0.2 U/g, p greater than 0.01) and lung metastasis (0.8 U/g, p greater than 0.01). Renal cell carcinoma from the lung metastasis was transplanted into nude mice, resulting in erythrocytosis in some of these mic. In the erythrocytotic mice, erythropoietin was elevated to levels of 0.25--0.9 U/g (p greater than 0.01) in the tumorous extracts and increased (0.67 U/ml, p greater than 0.02) in the serum. These results indicate that this renal cell carcinoma is an erythropoietin-producing tumor, and this tumor has been successfully transplanted in nude mice for the first time.

Adenocarcinoma↗