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Biomedical subjects

N Fuleihan

Publications and source records attributed to N Fuleihan.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effect of aggressive therapy on laryngeal symptoms and voice characteristics in patients with gastroesophageal reflux.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is associated with a variety of laryngopharyngeal signs and symptoms. Injury of the laryngopharynx as a result of GER can be refractory to conventional antireflux therapy. This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal signs and symptoms in patients with documented GER and to assess the response to a high-dose combination antireflux therapy consisting of cisapride and pantoprazole. Twenty-two patients with symptoms of GER were enrolled. After baseline evaluation using a history questionnaire for symptoms, laryngeal endoscopy and vocal acoustic analysis, patients were started on treatment consisting of pantoprazole 40 mg b.d. and cisapride 20 mg twice daily. Repeat history and otolaryngologic evaluation was performed at 4 weeks. Laryngopharyngeal symptoms were frequent in most patients, with throat clearing and globus being the most prevalent symptoms followed by vocal fatigue and excess mucus production. Almost 90% of the patients had abnormal endoscopic laryngeal findings but the acoustic parameters did not show any abnormal results except for mild elevation in the shimmer. After treatment, all symptoms and endoscopic abnormalities improved significantly except for intermittent dysphonia and laryngeal mucosal redness. Acoustic abnormalities did not change significantly following therapy. Laryngeal symptoms and voice abnormalities are highly prevalent in patients with GER. Combination antireflux therapy with a proton pump inhibitor and a prokinetic agent results in rapid symptomatic and endoscopic response in the majority of patients.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed2001

PCR-based detection, restriction endonuclease analysis, and transcription of tonB in Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates obtained from children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

We developed and evaluated a PCR-based-restriction endonuclease analysis method to detect and analyze the tonB gene of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae from pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Multiple sites from the same patient, including the surface of adenoids and tonsils, as well as the core of tonsils, were cultured on chocolate agar and identified using standard procedures and the API NH Kit. A total of 55 H. influenzae isolates were recovered from different sites of 20 patients, and 32 H. parainfluenzae isolates were recovered from various sites of 12 patients. DNA was extracted from American Type Culture Collection strains and test isolates by the PureGene kit. Two primers, G1 (21-mer) and G2 (23-mer), were designed by us to amplify by PCR the tonB gene that consists of an 813-bp fragment. A nested PCR using primers T1 (23-mer) and T2 (24-mer) that flank an internal sequence to the gene of the order of 257 bp and restriction endonuclease digestion using XhoI and BglII were done to detect whether heterogeneity within the gene exists between the two species. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was finally done to detect transcription of the gene in both species. Our data have shown that the tonB gene was detected in both species. It is known to encode a virulent protein, TonB, in H. influenzae; however, demonstration of its presence in H. parainfluenzae is novel. Nested-PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis have shown that the tonB gene is apparently structurally the same in both species, with possible differences that may exist in certain H. parainfluenzae isolates. RT-PCR done on selected numbers of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae have shown that the tonB gene was transcribed in both species. This shows that the TonB protein, if expressed, may play a different role in the virulence in H. parainfluenzae since it is not needed for heme or heme complexes uptake as with H. influenzae.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1999

Use of postoperative chest x-ray after elective adult tracheotomy.

Surgeons have been creating tracheotomies since at least 124 AD, when first reported by Asclepiades (Price HC, Postma DS. Ear Nose Throat J 1983;62:44-59). Intraoperative and postoperative complications specifically associated with this procedure have been well established. The incidence of pneumothorax ranges from 0% to 17%, depending on the age group studied. To evaluate this complication, it is generally accepted that a postoperative chest film should routinely be obtained after a tracheotomy in adult patients. In adult nonemergent tracheotomies, the routine use of a postoperative chest film has a low yield for detecting a pneumothorax in patients without clinical findings of pneumothorax. To evaluate the use of postoperative chest x-ray in adult tracheotomy patients, a retrospective review of tracheotomies performed at the Boston Medical Center from January 1994 to June 1996 was undertaken. Data examined consisted of age, sex, surgical indication, urgency, operating service, intraoperative and postoperative complications, difficulty of procedure, anesthetic technique, findings on postoperative chest film, signs and symptoms of pneumothorax, and specific treatment of pneumothorax if present. In total, 250 patients were identified. The main indication for tracheostomy in this study was ventilator dependence, accounting for 77% of the procedures. A complication rate of 11.6% was encountered, with no deaths. Postoperative hemorrhage was the most common complication (3.6%). Pneumothorax was documented by chest x-ray in 3 (1.2%) patients, 1 of whom had bilateral pneumothoraces. The most common symptom of a pneumothorax was tachycardia, with 8.8% of the patients exhibiting at least 1 episode. Of the 3 cases of pneumothorax in this study, only 1 was clinically relevant and required treatment. Furthermore, the clinical signs and symptoms in this patient clearly supported the diagnosis of pneumothorax before a postoperative chest film was obtained. Thus postoperative chest radiographs did not change the treatment or outcome of any of the patients undergoing a tracheotomy. This suggests that postoperative chest x-ray after adult tracheotomy is not required in routine cases. Chest radiographs should be obtained after emergent procedures, after difficult procedures, or in patients exhibiting signs or symptoms of pneumothorax.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Metachronous cancer: prognostic factors including prior irradiation.

In this article we evaluate two factors that may be responsible for the reported increased mortality rate in metachronous cancers: prior radiation therapy and stage at presentation. A select group of 358 patients was split into three groups: no prior cancer (group 1), prior cancer treated with radiation therapy (group 2), and prior cancer treated with surgery alone (group 3). We compared survival among the three groups according to stage (T1 or T2 vs. T3 or T4) using the Lifetest procedure. Survival in patients with advanced (T3 or T4) cancers was uniformly poor, and survival in patients with low-staged (T1 or T2) cancers was disproportionately poor only for patients in group 2. Metachronous cancers are not necessarily more lethal, except when the cancer arises within prior irradiated tissue. Initial treatment decisions for patients with primary cancers must always provide for the contingency of a metachronous cancer, and the judicious use of radiation therapy is essential.

Female↗
PubMed1998

Symptoms in early head and neck cancer: an inadequate indicator.

Screening programs show promise in increasing the rate of early detection of head and neck cancers in high-risk populations. Prout et al (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;116:201-8) examined the usefulness of a large-scale screening program for head and neck cancer in an inner city population by primary care physicians. Symptom assessment was based on the American Cancer Society's "Seven Warning Signs for Cancer," (Cancer manual. 8th ed. Boston: American Cancer Society, Massachusetts Division; 1990. p. 40-64) 4 of which are relevant to the head and neck. However, these signs may be insufficient for detection of early head and neck cancer. We analyzed these and other typical symptoms to determine their role in early detection. Coincident medical problems, tobacco abuse, and alcohol abuse were also analyzed. Our findings indicate that no symptom or symptom complex is strongly correlated with early head and neck cancer for any subsite except the glottis. Symptom duration is an unreliable indicator of the duration of disease. However, patients under medical supervision are more likely to have their cancers detected early, supporting the value of surveillance by the primary care physician. The absence of definite early warning signs for most head and neck cancers suggests the need to develop essential screening criteria. Defining the population that is at high risk for head and neck cancer and subjecting it to an aggressive screening protocol is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Loss of heterozygosity at 11q23 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is associated with recurrent disease.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 11q23 has been found in a variety of epithelial human neoplasms, suggesting that this region contains a tumor suppressor gene(s) important to tumorigenesis. We investigated whether LOH at 11q23 could be detected in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and whether loss at this site was associated with specific clinical parameters. Fifty-six matched blood and SCCHN tumor samples taken at the time of diagnosis were evaluated for LOH at three microsatellite markers at 11q23. Multiplex PCRs with [alpha-32P]dCTP labeling of the amplified DNA strands were performed. Clinical data were obtained from medical record review. LOH at 11q23 was found in 13 of 52 (25%) evaluable tumors. There was no association between LOH at 11q23 and amplification of the CCND1 (cyclin D1) oncogene or inactivation of the p53 gene, which had been determined previously. With a mean follow-up of 24 months, an association independent of tumor size or stage was found between LOH at 11q23 and recurrent disease (P = 0.04). Among subjects who received radiotherapy (RT) as a component of their treatment, LOH at 11q23 was associated with persistent or recurrent locoregional disease (P = 0.05). LOH at 11q23 occurs in a subset of SCCHN. It is associated with a higher likelihood of recurrent disease, perhaps related to resistance to RT. The specific gene(s) and mechanism(s) responsible remain to be identified. Until then, LOH at 11q23 might become a marker identifying patients likely to do poorly with conventional therapy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Magnetization transfer contrast MR in lesions of the head and neck.

PURPOSE: To compare lesion-to-background contrast with and without magnetization transfer (MT) in lesions of the head and neck. METHODS: Twenty lesions (16 malignant, 4 benign) were evaluated in 17 patients (11 men, 6 women; mean age, 58 years; age range, 39-76 years). In 13 patients, MR imaging was performed at 0.1 T with continuous-wave, off-resonance MT; in 4 patients, MR imaging was performed at 1.5 T with on-resonance, binomial MT prepulses. Fifteen sequences were conducted before the administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine; 13 were conducted after the administration of that contrast material. The ratio of signal intensity with the MT pulses (Ms) to signal intensity without the MT pulses (Mo) was calculated, as were the lesion-to-background contrast and the contrast-to-noise ratios. RESULTS: Ms/Mo showed both wide variability and considerable overlap among different lesion types. Images from MT sequences showed better contrast than those from non-MT sequences in 23 of 28 lesions (12 of 15 before and 11 of 13 after the administration of contrast material). The mean contrast improvement percentages (+/- standard deviation) were 165.5% (+/- 58%) on unenhanced images and 186.6% (+/- 84.8%) on contrast-enhanced images. The mean improvements in contrast-to-noise ratios were 156% (+/- 60%) on unenhanced images and 171.6% (+/- 98.1%) on contrast-enhanced images. CONCLUSION: MT improved contrast between nodes or tumors showing an MT effect and background tissue (usually fat) not showing an MT effect. MT also improved contrast between contrast-enhanced neoplastic lesions and background tissue that showed an MT effect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasoseptal variation in relation to sinusitis. A computerized tomographic evaluation.

Paraseptal structural abnormalities are common in patients with sinusitis. They may coexist with radiographic changes suggestive of sinusitis. Their etiological role in patients with no history of sinus disease is still controversial. In this study, computerized tomographic scan of orbits of 89 cases with no history of sinusitis were reviewed between 1996 and 1998. The incidence of septal deviation, concha bullosa and paradoxical middle turbinates was looked at. Their correlation with sinusitis was analyzed using CM-square statistical method. Results showed that the presence of these anatomical abnormalities is not associated with an increased incidence of sinusitis as shown radiologically. We conclude that the presence of septal deviation or large middle turbine on routine rhinoscopy does not mandate further radiological evaluation of the sinuses in the absence of history of sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The etiologic role of the osteo-meatal complex in the pathogenesis of sinusitis: a retrospective study of clinical, CT and endoscopic findings in 143 patients.

UNLABELLED: The etiological role of the osteo-meatal complex (OMC) in the pathogenesis of sinus disease is a debatable issue. The charts of 143 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 1992 and 1995 were reviewed. Clinical symptoms included facial pain, nasal obstruction, headache, and postnasal drip. CT scan and endoscopic findings were reviewed. The presence of OMC disease radiologically was correlated with all the clinical, nasal endoscopic and other radiologic findings (disease in the rest of paranasal sinuses, or presence of concha bullosa). Its etiological role in patients with sinusitis is discussed. RESULTS: No endoscopic findings could be statistically correlated with the OMC disease. Facial pain and postnasal drip were the only clinical symptoms that statistically correlated with the OMC disease (p-value = 0.009 and 0.008, respectively). The OMC disease correlated with the radiological evidence of sinusitis in any of the sinuses.

Adolescent↗