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Biomedical subjects

N G DeSanto

Publications and source records attributed to N G DeSanto.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Predicted creatinine clearance to assess glomerular filtration rate in chronic renal disease in humans.

The work was designed to assess the suitability of both measured endogenous creatinine clearance (CCR) and predicted creatinine clearance (P-CCR) to evaluate GFR in chronic renal disease (CRD) by utilizing the renal clearance of inulin (CIN) as gold standard. A total of 124 subjects were studied (62 healthy, 62 with CRF). CCR significantly overestimated GFR in healthy subjects as well as in CRF, whereas P-CCR was identical to GFR. The CCR/CIN ratio which calculates the fractional creatinine clearance and provides a rough estimation of the contribution of creatinine secretion in explaining the differences between CCR and GFR was increased in CRD and especially in CRD of glomerular origin. The ration P-CCR/CIN was significantly lower than CCR/CIN in healthy subjects and in patients with CRD of glomerular origin. The data are against the use of CCR in assessing GFR in healthy subjects and in patients with CRD.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1991

Lithium clearance in patients with chronic renal failure.

Lithium clearance (CLi) was studied in the healthy subjects (H) and in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) with a mean GFR of 36.08 +/- 3.8 ml/min x 1.73 m2 in order to evaluate (1) the variability of CLi measurements; (2) the changes of CLi during the hyperfiltration response to a meat meal (2 g/kg b.w. of protein), and (3) the effects on CLi of different protein intakes. CLi correlated with GFR and with urinary sodium, FeLi correlated with FeNa in H and CRF. The intraindividual standard deviation (IISD) of GRF, CLi and FeLi assessed in triplicate studies in the course of a single experiment averaged 4.70, 7.15 and 10.69% in CRF and 1.77, 4.09 and 4.61% in H. When IISD for GFR, CLi, and FeLi was assessed in triplicate measurements in the course of 3 studies performed at 1-week intervals (day 1, day 8, day 15), it averaged 7.36, 9.21 and 15.72% in CRF and 1.83, 5.08 and 5% in H. During the hyperfiltration response to a meat meal, CLi and FeLi did not change in CRF and increased significantly in H. In 10 patients with CRF who were switched for 3 weeks from a protein intake of 0.85 g/kg to a protein intake of 0.60 g/kg, GFR was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced by 29%, while CLi was stable. The data indicate that because of its variability, CLi is of little use in experiments designed to study subtle changes in renal Na transport.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Age-related changes in renal reserve and renal tubular function in healthy humans.

To explore the age-related changes in tubular function and in the renal reserve (RR) a total of 98 healthy subjects were studied while on free living conditions. Enrolled people were divided into 3 groups: group A (n = 40, age range 5-18 years, Na intake 80 +/- 20 mM/day, protein intake 1.30 +/- 0.76 g/kg BW); group B (n = 34, age range 19-60 years, Na intake 110 +/- 12 mM/day, protein intake 1.32 +/- 0.75 g/kg BW), and group C (n = 24, age range 61-89 years, Na intake 159 +/- 12 mM/day (p less than 0.01 vs. A and B), protein intake 1.26 +/- 0.23). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (inulin), renal plasma flow (p-aminohippurate), the amount of filtrate and sodium delivered from the proximal tubule (lithium clearance), endogenous creatinine clearance, and predicted creatinine clearance were measured. The RR was evaluated after a meat meal (providing 2 g/kg BW of proteins) by subtracting baseline GFR from the peaking postprandial GFR. GFR was age-related and was identical in groups A and B and significantly lower in group C (p less than 0.0001). The drop in GFR averaged 7% per decade in the age range 61-89 years. The RR was not statistically different in groups A and B and increased significantly in group C (p less than 0.0001). In groups A and B the filtration fraction was constant after the meat meal and significantly increased over baseline GFR in group C (p less than 0.01), while the percentage of filtration capacity utilized at rest was lower in group C (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Circadian rhythm with acrophase at night for urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in childhood: population-based data of the cimitile study in southern Italy.

A population-based study on daily and overnight urine excretion of Ca and Mg was performed in 220 children aged 4-15 years living in Cimitile, Campania Region, Southern Italy. The Ca/creatinine and the Mg/creatinine ratio in overnight urine were significantly higher than in daily urine (p less than 0.01). This finding was also confirmed in hypercalciuric children. The Mg/Ca ratio in the general population was identical in daily and overnight urine while in the hypercalciuric group Mg/Ca in overnight urine was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in daily urine. The data point to the existence of a circadian rhythm with a peak at night for urine Ca and Mg excretion in children living in Cimitile and studied while attending to their everyday life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Intraerythrocytic cation metabolism in children with uremia undergoing hemodialysis.

Erythrocytes from children with uremia who are undergoing hemodialysis show normal maximal velocity of NA+-Li+ countertransport and Na+/K+/Cl- cotransport and normal intracellular sodium content. These aspects of intracellular sodium metabolism are not affected by dialysis. The normality of intraerythrocytic cation metabolism in children with uremia is associated with anemia, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduced body mass index, retention of solutes (urea, creatinine, potassium), a low triiodothyronine and thyroxine syndrome, and high parathormone levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Tumor markers in uremia: carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, carbohydrate antigen CA-50 and alpha-fetoprotein.

The incidence of the tumor markers was studied in 140 patients aged between 18 and 84 years who had been on dialysis for 4-188 months. Neuron-specific enolase increased in 81 cases, CA-50 carbohydrate antigen in 44, while alpha-fetoprotein was within the normal range. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with 2 monoclonal assays was increased in 7 cases. When polyclonal assays were used, CEA was found to be elevated in 12 cases with one set and in 72 cases with another kit set. The data point to the potential usefulness of these markers for the detection of malignancy and possibly neuropathy in uremia; to the importance of renal tubules in the metabolism of proteins, glycoprotein and peptides, and to the activation/inhibition in various enzyme systems in the uremic state.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal handling of sodium after an oral protein load in adult humans.

This investigation was designed to study (1) renal sodium handling after an oral protein load and (2) its relationship to some known determinants of the hemodynamic response (glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, renin, aldosterone, and plasma amino acid concentration). To this end of group of 8 adult subjects was studied before (three 30-min clearances) and after a meat meal (MM; five 30-min clearances at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min). The MM provided 2 g/kg BW of protein. Within 30 min from the MM an hyperfiltration response was seen, which was paralleled by a 2-fold increase in plasma alanine concentration while total plasma amino acid concentration was not different from the baseline values. The hemodynamic response was associated with a normally operating tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism independent of renin-aldosterone activity, but possibly associated with an early increase in plasma glucagon concentration and later on with a modest increase in postmeal plasma insuling concentration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgA glomerulonephritis in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Renal morphology was evaluated in 2 siblings with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) aged 12 and 4 years. They gave a typical history of recurrent episodes of respiratory infection and presented with microhematuria of glomerular origin and proteinuria. The study disclosed a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with IgA mesangial deposition in the elder child, while immunofluorescence was negative in the younger. The data indicate that (1) a specific nephropathy does not exist in WAS and (2) the IgA nephropathy is the result of recurrent infections and of related formation of IgA immune complexes scarcely removed by a deficient reticuloendothelial system. This view is consistent with presenting features in WAS (microhematuria, episodes of macrohematuria, proteinuria, Henoch-Schönlein syndrome) and with the fact that it takes years to develop as indicated by the negativity of immunofluorescence in the younger patient.

Child↗