Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N G Karnaukh.
Acute and chronic overheating appeared to induce similar shock reaction in all organs, with systemic disorders of microcirculation. The organs demonstrated irreversible hemodynamic disturbances with secondary hypoxic injury. Structural disorders in organs result in their functional deficiency and subsequent pathologic conditions.
As a result of the investigation conducted, differences have been revealed of effects of the studied factors of labour conditions and its quantitative values on development of disorders of the osseomuscular system depending on the character of labour. In workers of basic occupations in iron-ore mines, the development of radiculopathy qualified as an occupational problem, has been shown to be determined by exposure to a complex of studied adverse factors of the occupational environment and labour process by 35% (very high degree of the effect exerted), including local vibration--by 14%, time of keeping a required working posture standing--by 7.2%, air temperature difference--by 7.4% (high and moderate degree of the effect exerted). The above adverse factors are to be considered in sanitary-and-hygienic characterization of the working place and taken account of in attempts to ascertain relatedness of the illness in question to the worker's occupation and in implementing measures designed to administer primary and secondary prophylaxis. In those workers engaged in occupations of the sensomotor kind operator's work, development of spinal osteochondrosis is determined by 25.4% by action of a complex of the studied factors of labour conditions; of this percentage, 22.4% have been shown to be caused by a number of working (operating) movements during the shift (very strong impact), which fact necessitates qualifying the condition as an occupational disease and suggests increase in the role of improvement in labour conditions in its prophylaxis.
Occupational standing vibration rate is proposed in evaluating a degree of impairment of an organism activity. It will allow more widely to introduce specification of quality and quantity in assessment of the development of vibrational disease. According out-patient and inpatient obtained data we have established criterial values of functional changes in accordance with accumulated occupational standing vibration rate. The nomogram was worked out for defining a risk of the development of vibrational disease in mine workers. This nomogram more objectively can help in diagnostics of the disease.
The materials are first to present analysis of occupational morbidity among miners of variable age, length of service, various occupations, who work at Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. The recommendations on lower occupational morbidity are presented.
Character of the combined effect of main dust components in working zone air of cermet enterprise is determined. Graphic method for assessment, forecasting and hygienic correction of air quality is suggested.
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Transitory disablement in 5886 workers engaged for the whole year into heat treating metallurgy was compared during 5 years (1981-1985) with that in 291 workers engaged into repairing mechanical occupations so as to reveal metallurgical occupational factors influencing on gastrointestinal morbidity. Metallurgical occupational hazards harm the health status in workers engaged into heat-treating metallurgy, induce the gastrointestinal disorders, which are demonstrated by the elevated transitory disablement. The workers engaged into heat treating metallurgy showed higher gastrointestinal morbidity rate than those engaged into repairing mechanical work.
Inspection of the environment in manganese-alloyed steel production showed inadequate hygienic conditions of the technological processes employed. Air was more polluted by manganese oxides during the oxygen-converter process though their highest concentrations, 38 times exceeding the MAS, appeared during the casting of steel. An electric furnace coated by dust-noise-proof material and gas cleaning is preferable from a hygienic point of view. The influence of unfavourable microclimate, intensive infrared irradiation and loud noise on workers necessitates automation and mechanization of the process in order to improve the working conditions.
Electron microscopy and roentgen microanalysis were used to study the ultrastructure and electrolytic balance of K+, Na+ and Cl- of the animal myocardial tissue during general body hyperthermia. It was established that long-term effect of heating microclimate causes a distinct reduction of K+ in the cardiomyocytes accompanied by essential changes of the ultrastructure of ischemic character.
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The article sets forth some methodological issues related to the substantial analysis of occupational morbidity. Confirmed is the necessity of stratifying the morbidity along the line of individual professions and professional groups, of inviting scientists from technical research centres, practical physicians for elaborating preventive measures in occupational medicine.
Prophylactic treatment was carried out in 32 metallurgists suffering of gastroduodenal diseases. The treatment included Eleutherococcus, alpha-tocopherol acetate, methyuracil, milfoil, nettle leaves, wort and camomile leaves, oxygen foam cocktails. Clinical, biochemical, immunological, endoscopic and morphological examinations revealed efficiency of the prophylactic treatment.
It was established that morbidity with temporary loss of working capacity due to diseases of the circulatory organs showed a tendency towards increase among workers of modern hot shops of the blast furnace, steel-smelting furnace, converter and the steel rolling industry. Most frequent in these category of workers was incidence of ischemic heart disease, hypertensive disease and hemorrhoid. The incidence varied among different professions enumerated above and depended also on the age, working conditions. The nosological entities varied as well.
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