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Biomedical subjects

N G Khaltaev

Publications and source records attributed to N G Khaltaev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Osteoporosis as a growing problem--WHO perspectives.

Recognition of the seriousness of the health problems posed by osteoporosis is surprisingly recent, and many general practitioners remain largely unaware of the actual or potential significance of the disorder. Even among specialists there is incomplete consensus on the clinical criteria for screening and on the efficacy of interventions; inevitably, this is reflected in the allocation of health care resources to osteoporosis. WHO has over the last few years supported the development of coordinated knowledge on the etiology, prevalence, and costs to health services of osteoporosis, the evaluation of available techniques for measuring bone mass, mineral density, and turnover, and reviews the various clinical factors that may influence the development of the disorder, including the consideration of risks and benefits as results of intervention. A number of recommendations for future research are advanced. INTERHEALTH programmes offer a framework for the community-based intervention studies, where osteoporosis could be included. There is a need for greater accuracy in assessment of fracture risk, for improved understanding of clinical and other risk factors, and for refinement of prevention strategies and of criteria for selecting individuals for screening, and on the nature and acceptability of interventions. WHO is prepared to participate in this development.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Possibilities of correcting atherogenic trends of the diet in l4-15-year-old boys].

In a representative sample of boys aged 14-15 daily diet compositions have been modeled followed by 2-year preventive correction of expected atherogenic shifts in the above boys' nutrition. The correction did not imply changes in daily diet overall caloric value, but the intake of refined sugar was to be reduced with an increase in the intake of other carbohydrates and decrease in saturated fatty acids. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in daily diets was made greater. The highest effect was achieved in the boys who had not only changed their diet qualitatively, but also made their meals more frequent that is adopted dietary regimen with meals 3-4 times a day.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Nutritional and risk-factor dynamics of ischemic heart disease during a 3-year prophylactic intervention in an organized population].

An experimental and prophylactic study was performed in an organized population of 1563 men aged 20-59 years engaged in scientific work. Intervention was realized in a group at high risk, mainly at the expense of changes in nutrition. After 3 years the main group demonstrated the lowering of the total caloricity of nutrition, consumption of food cholesterol and refined sugar together with the rise of animal protein, poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) and complex carbohydrates consumption, leading to reduction of risk factors for coronary disease. After 3 years the control group manifested a decrease of sugar and a rise of complex carbohydrates consumption, which was not associated with changes in risk factors. It has been established using a multiple step-by-step regression analysis that the greatest effect on the drop of blood plasma cholesterol was produced by body weight reduction and diminution of the content of SFA in the diet whereas the decrease of arterial pressure by body weight reduction and the rise of the PUFA portion in the diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Efficacy of 3-year prophylaxis of coronary heart disease risk factors in an organized population].

An organized community numbering 1563 men aged 20 to 59 years engaged in scientific activity were entered into an experimental and prophylactic study. The intervention measures were exercised in a high risk group with dyslipoproteinemia, borderline hypertension and coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly at the expense of alterations in nutrition. The three-year prophylaxis resulted in a 7-percent decrease in blood plasma cholesterol and a 13-percent fall in triglycerides. The prevalence of arterial hypertension declined by 3 and the excess body weight by 3.7 percent, which led to a 33-percent decrease in CHD risk development calculated with the aid of the R. P. Prochorskas risk logistic function. Advantages of the individual strategy of CHD prevention are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of diet on major risk factors in an organized population].

In the organized population, 364 male subjects aged 20-59 years (those with dyslipoproteinemias and borderline hypertension and patients with coronary heart disease) were on diet for 6 months, which resulted in a significant drop in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body weight by 7.7%, 17%, 3%, 3.7%, and 5.3%, respectively. The portion of fat in the diet was reduced from 40% to 36% of total caloric value and that of sugar was decreased from 13% to 10%, at the same time complex carbohydrates and protein were increased from 8% to 12% and from 15% to 17%, respectively. A multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to define whether different variables were significant in lowering the risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Blood glucose level and nutritional factors in the male population aged 20-59 years].

The levels of glycemia were studied on an empty stomach, 1 and 2 h after a glucose tolerance test (75 g of glucose) in an organized population of 799 men. The character of nutrition was studied by a questionnaire method regarding all food consumed during a previous day using models of previously weighed meals and food-stuffs as well as standard plates, spoons, glasses, etc. An analysis of the results obtained revealed the following peculiarities: in young patients (under 40) the level of glycemia was associated with excessive consumption of carbohydrates, especially starch; in the older age group (40-59) the level of glycemia showed positive correlation with the amount of consumed fats, protein, especially animal protein. The level of glycemia in persons with dyslipoproteinemia showed direct correlation with the amount of consumed saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Apolipoproteins B and A-I in the plasma of a random sample of an organized population of 20 to 59-year-old men and ischemic heart disease].

The authors presented the results of a study of the level of blood plasma apo-B and apo-A-I in random samples (by age decades from 20 to 60) of the organized male population (n = 309) and additionally of CHD patients who were not entered into the random samples (n = 82). Age differences in the level of blood plasma apo-B and apo-A-I were noted; a significant positive correlation with age of the level of apolipoprotein B at the age of 20 to 59 and a negative correlation of apo-A-I in males aged 20 to 39 were revealed. By the percentile distribution of apo-LP-B and A-I the relative borders of their high and low values were defined in random samples of males aged 20 to 39 and 40 to 59. Significant differences in the prevalence of high and low levels of apo-B and apo-A-I were demonstrated among patients with CHD and persons without this pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Features of the epidemiologic characteristics of ischemic heart disease among scientific research workers].

The peculiarities of prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), its main risk factors and their interrelationships were studied on the basis of the results of epidemiological surveys of an organized population of men aged 20 to 59 engaged in research, and an unorganized male population in one of Moscow districts. A similar CHD frequency was revealed in both populations (10.5 and 9.5%), however the prevalence of possible CHD was significantly higher among the research workers. In this group more unfavorable epidemiological conditions were noted with relation to such CHD risk factors as hypercholesterolemia, disturbed glucose tolerance, a low physical activity, with practically the same prevalence of excess body mass and lower frequency of arterial hypertension and smoking. The results obtained formed the basis for a design of measures on primary and secondary CHD prevention among research workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Age-related dynamics of the prevalence of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension and the mean level of basic risk factors in men 20 to 69 related to the nature of their nutrition].

Analysis of the data derived in the course of examination of men aged 20 to 69 years demonstrates a distinct rise of the prevalence of CHD and AH with age. The level of the total cholesterol also increases with advancing age, reaching a maximum at 40 to 49 years as does the level of Tg (maximal at 50 to 59 years). The body weight also shows a linear increase. Emphasis should be placed on a high alpha-cholesterol content in persons aged 30 to 39 years. Analysis of the nutrition pattern of the male population aged 20 to 69 years revealed an atherogenic nature of nutrition marked by a high quota of fat, saturated fatty acids, low ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and high cholesterol consumption with food. The highest consumption of energy sources and animal products was noted in persons aged 30 to 39 years. The same age demonstrated the lowest consumption of products of vegetable origin. Persons aged 50 to 59 years showed a reduction in consumption of protein of animal origin and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as an increase in consumption of readily available sugars, which may lead to the development of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia and therefore to a higher risk of CHD development.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparative study of drug and dietary correction of dyslipoproteinemias among the population].

A comparative study of diet and drug correction of dyslipoproteinemias in individuals with stable hypercholesterolemia showed that following a month of diet treatment of groups selected for the therapy with probucol and ascorbic acid there was a clear-cut decrease in the level of plasma cholesterol. The administration of probucol in combination with the diet therapy decreased cholesterol by 33.6%, triglycerides by 32.8% and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) by 19.7% as compared with the baseline values. Ascorbic acid showed virtually no effect on the lipid spectrum of the blood. Throughout the entire period of treatment, the patients in these groups showed a reduction in the body weight and blood pressure. In the group receiving only drug therapy, probucol use was associated with a statistically significant decrease in both total cholesterol and HDLC, with the HDLC/cholesterol ratio remaining almost unaltered while in the group receiving diet and probucol, the proportion of HDLC with regard to total cholesterol was elevated as against the initial values. The body weight in this group of patients remained actually unaltered.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Nutrition and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in men of the Chukot Autonomous Region].

The relationship between the nutritional status and the major risk factors of CHD has been studied in the indigenous and nonindigenous inhabitants of the Chukot Autonomous Region. The nutrition of the indigenous tundra inhabitants who show a significantly lower risk factors as compared with nonindigenous citizens living there for over ten years is characterized by a significantly higher proportion of protein of animal origin, a lower calorie intake in general and that of fat, in particular, a lower consumption of starch-containing products and a high consumption of refined sugar. A larger proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in food is markedly associated with reduced levels of cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and the diastolic blood pressure in Chukchi inhabitants living on the seacoast as against Chukchi living on the mainland. The detected differences in the level of risk factors are correlated with differences in the nature of nutrition.

Adult↗