The influence of temperature on mucociliary activity. Temperature range 20 degrees C-40 degrees C.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
N G Toremalm
Publications and source records attributed to N G Toremalm.
Mucociliary wave pattern. A comparative analysis of extracellular and intracellular activities.
Experimental in vitro studies have been made on the intracellular electrical activity and the extracellular wave movements of ciliary cells in rabbit trachea. The following results were obtained: 1. Surface light reflections from the mucous layer and from the ends of moving cilia showed about the same frequency and amplitude pattern as the intracellular action potential oscillations at 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C. At lower temperatures, however, there was a considerable discrepancy between them. 2. Surface light reflections from mucociliary wave movements had the same frequency in two areas 20 mum apart, but amplitude variations were out of phase. 3. Intracellular oscillations with a frequency of 18-21 per sec and a maximum amplitude of 1 mV have been recorded. Amplitude variations indicating rhythmical frequency variations have also been recorded. 4. The mean frequency of the intracellular action potential oscillations showed no remarkable differences at 20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C.
Action Potentials↗
Intra- and extracellular activities of ciliated cells. A model for functional studies.
The mucociliary activity of the mucosa of the respiratory tract is used as an experimental model for exposure studies regarding air pollution and pharmaca. It is possible to record the intracellular electrical activity simultaneously with the extracellular mechanical movements of cilia.
Air Pollution↗
The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. I. A method for use in experimental studies on human material.
A method for standardized recordings of the mucociliary activity of the mucosa in the human respiratory tract is described. Nasal polyps, adenoid vegetations and biopsy material from maxillary sinuses have been used for preliminary in vitro experiments. The dependence of the mucociliary activity on oxygen supply from the surrounding air is emphasized. The influence of varying gas mixtures on the mucociliary activity can be thoroughly studied. The method is also applicable for in vivo recordings in the operating theatre during Luc Caldwell operations. A combination of in vivo and in vitro studies is under way in order to elucidate the aetiology, treatment, and prognosis of diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Adenoids↗
The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. II. A method for in vivo studies on maxillary sinus mucosa of animals and human beings.
A method for photoelectric in vivo recordings of the mucociliary activity of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract is described and tested in model experiments. In vivo recordings from the maxillary sinus mucosa of rabbits were easy to analyse and the method is useful for further experimental research on animals. Examples of in vivo recordings from the human maxillary sinus during Caldwell-Luc operations are also presented. These results are compared with subsequent in vitro recordings of biopsy material.
Animals↗
Ototoxicity of netilmicin.
Ototoxicity and efficacy of netilmicin was evaluated in 76 consecutive patients with moderate to severe infections with Gram-negative rods and Staphylococcus aureus. Netilmicin alone was efficacious in 47 patients and in another 23 patients cure or improvement was seen with netilmicin combined with another antibiotic, usually penicillin. Therapeutic failure was seen in 4 cases, 2 of which were regarded as netilmicin failures. Vestibular function and hearing acuity was thoroughly examined by electronystagmography and audiometry. In spite of the extensive examination of the audiovestibular function it was possible to detect only one probable case of ototoxicity related to netilmicin, a reversible vestibular dysfunction. The importance of pre-therapeutic audiovestibular examination is stressed.
Adolescent↗
Hemifacial spasm. Nerve block with phenol under electromyographic control.
Seven cases of hemifacial spasm are described. Six were operated upon with intra-osseal exposure of the facial nerve. In all 6 cases transient peripheral facial paresis developed. When the paresis disappeared the patients had a recurrence of the spasms. As an alternative to surgical procedures a method for selective nerve block under E. M. G. control with 3% phenol is described and 5 cases have been treated with this method. Ambulatory treatment with deposition of 3% phenol in the main branch of the facial nerve appears to have an equally good effect to the surgical methods hitherto used. Examination with E. M. G. suggested that the hemifacial spasm is of central origin.
Electromyography↗