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Biomedical subjects

N Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to N Goldberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Exercise in hemodialysis patients after treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin.

To assess the effect of substantial increases in blood hemoglobin (Hb) caused by treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on exercise capacity in maintenance hemodialysis patients, we evaluated 10 patients (7 men and 3 women) at a mean age of 44.3 +/- 8.4 years on maintenance hemodialysis for a mean of 29.7 +/- 30.2 months by treadmill exercise to exhaustion. The patients were tested before administration of rhEPO and after a minimum 1 g/dl rise in Hb. With a change in Hb from 7.1 +/- 1.4 to 9.8 +/- 2.1 g/dl, peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) with exercise increased 50.3 +/- 9% (T1 = 15.1 +/- 5.3, T2 = 22.7 +/- 4.6 ml O2/kg/min, p less than 0.05). Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at a given submaximal exercise level (3 mph, 6% of elevation) decreased significantly (T1 = 1.13 +/- 0.24, T2 = 0.92 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.05). The rhEPO-mediated increase in Hb was associated with an increased VO2 peak--an improvement of the peak exercise capacity and a reduced submaximal RER--reflecting a reduction in anaerobic metabolism at activities of daily living.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effects of exercise on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram in coronary artery disease.

The effects of exercise on the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) were investigated in 52 patients with stable coronary artery disease. The SAECG was recorded before and immediately after the exercise test and analyzed at 25 to 250 Hz and 40 to 250 Hz. All patients had SAECG with noise level less than or equal 0.8 microV at 25 Hz and less than or equal to 0.6 microV at 40 Hz and with the difference in noise level between control SAECGs and SAECGs after exercise less than or equal to 0.2 to 0.3 microV. Twenty-eight patients developed ST changes consistent with transient subendocardial ischemia that persisted during the SAECG recording after exercise. There was no significant difference between control SAECGs and SAECGs after exercise in patients with or without a positive exercise test. The absence of significant change on the SAECG was not related to the presence or absence of prior myocardial infarction, site of infarction, development of exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias or presence of an abnormal recording at baseline. These data suggest that exercise-induced electrophysiologic changes and ventricular arrhythmias may not be related to the anatomic-electrophysiologic substrate that underlies late potentials on the SAECG.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1990

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms.

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare cardiac anomalies which may be acquired or congenital. The congenital aneurysm is more common than the acquired form, with an incidence ranging from 0.1 to 3.5% of all congenital heart defects. Acquired aneurysms may result from trauma, endocarditis, syphilis, Marfan's syndrome, and senile-type dilatation in which the three sinuses dilate as a result of the normal aging process. This review focuses on both congenital and acquired aneurysms with particular attention to the noninvasive diagnosis of this anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of different exercise training intensities on lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in healthy middle-aged men.

Exercise training has been associated with decreases in total cholesterol and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The effect of the intensity of the exercise on alterations in cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions has not been defined and is the subject of this study. We divided 49 healthy men (aged 44 +/- 8 years) into four groups and evaluated them before and after 12 weeks of cycle ergometer exercise training at (1) an intensity of 65% of maximal achieved heart rate, (2) 75% maximal heart rate, (3) 85% maximal heart rate, and (4) a 12-week nonexercise control period. Pre- and post-training evaluations included maximal ergometer exercise ECG examinations with measurement of maximal minute oxygen consumption and serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Low-density (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels were calculated. Dietary histories were obtained before and after the training period, and body weight and percentage of body fat were measured. Post-training oxygen uptake was significantly increased (training effect) in the groups exercising to 65%, 75%, and 85% maximal heart rate. Results of within-group analysis showed significant increases in the HDL cholesterol fractions in the 75% and 85% groups but not in the 65% group or the control group. Significant decreases in calculated LDL fractions occurred only in the 75% exercise-trained group with maximal heart rate. Aerobic exercise training favorably alters plasma lipoprotein profiles. A minimum training intensity equal to 75% maximal heart rate is required to the increase HDL cholesterol level.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma. A clinical trial with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibodies elicited with syngeneic anti-high-molecular-weight-melanoma-associated antigen monoclonal antibodies.

In two clinical trials the mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (MAb) MF11-30, which bears the internal image of human high-molecular-weight-melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) was administered by subcutaneous route without adjuvants to patients with stage IV malignant melanoma on day 0, 7, and 28. Additional injections were administered if anti-antiidiotypic antibodies were not found or their titer decreased. In the first phase I trial with 16 patients the initial dose was 0.5 mg per injection and escalated to 4 mg per injection. Neither toxicity nor allergic reactions were observed despite the development of anti-mouse Ig antibodies. Minor responses were observed in three patients. In a second clinical trial MAb MF11-30 was administered to 21 patients at a dose of 2 mg per injection, since this dose had been shown in the initial study to be effective in inducing anti-antiidiotypic antibodies. Two patients were inevaluable; in the remaining 19 patients, the average duration of treatment was 34 wk. In this trial as well, neither toxicity nor allergic reactions were observed. 17 of the 19 immunized patients increased the levels of anti-mouse Ig antibodies and 16 developed antibodies that inhibit the binding of antiidiotypic MAb MF11-30 to the immunizing anti-HMW-MAA MAb 225.28. One patient increased the level of anti-HMW-MAA antibodies. One patient achieved a complete remission with disappearance of multiple abdominal lymph nodes for a duration of 95 wk. Minor responses were observed in three patients. These results suggest that mouse antiidiotypic MAb that bear the internal image of HMW-MAA may be useful reagents to implement active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Radiation treatment of FIGO stage IVA carcinoma of the cervix.

Forty-eight patients with FIGO stage IVA cervix cancer were treated with radiation therapy at the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale--New Haven Hospital from 1966 to 1985. Nine of the 48 patients are alive without recurrence (NED) and the 5-year actuarial survival rate is 18% (+/- 6%, standard error). There was a substantial difference in outcome based on treatment technique. Thirty-five patients were treated with external beam (EB) plus intracavitary (IC) and 8 of these patients (23%) are NED. None of the 12 patients treated with EB alone are alive. One patient treated with preoperative EB plus exenteration is NED. The severe complication rate was 22% and most complications were vesicovaginal fistulas due to successful treatment for bladder involvement. There was a significant difference in survival for patients with minimal parametrial disease (stage IVA1) versus patients with significant parametrial disease (stage IVA2) which was defined as fixation to one or both pelvic sidewalls or hydronephrosis on IVP. The 5-year survival for stage IVA1 disease was 46% (+/- 14%) versus only 5% (+/- 4%) for stage IVA2 disease. Our results indicate that superior survival for stage IVA cervix cancer patients is associated with two factors: minimal parametrial disease and radiation treatment which combines EB plus IC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Selection of optimal axon ratio for nerve regeneration.

The traditional teaching that "nerve fibers are lost at the suture line" after a nerve repair was investigated by asking the question, "Can the number of nerve fibers distal to a nerve repair site be increased by increasing the number of nerve fibers proximally?" Ratios of proximal to distal nerve fibers were increased from 1:1 to 2.5:1 to 3.5:1 by suturing peroneal or posterior tibial or sciatic nerve proximally to peroneal nerve distally. At one year following the repair, distal nerve fiber numbers increased to twice normal as the ratio increased to 2.5:1, and then nerve fiber numbers plateaued. Nerve function, as judged by walking track analysis, was best in the peroneal:peroneal group (1:1 ratio), suggesting that appropriateness rather than number of proximal fibers was more critical in this nerve repair model.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Postoperative abdominopelvic radiation therapy for ovarian cancer.

From 1963 through 1984, 74 patients with Stage I, II, or III epithelial ovarian cancer who completed a total hysterectomy and debulking procedure and had less than 2 cm residual disease were treated with whole abdominal and pelvic boost radiation therapy (WAP) at Yale-New Haven Hospital. WAP consisted of a whole abdominal dose of 1750 to 2500 cGy (at 100-160 cGy per fraction) and a total pelvic dose of 4000-4600 cGy. Based on stage, amount of residual disease, pathologic type, and grade of tumor, the 74 patients were classified into a favorable group (FG) and an unfavorable group (UG) using the classification scheme developed at the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH). The actuarial survival at 10 years for the FG patients was 77% (+/- 10%, 95% confidence limits) and for the UG patients was only 7% (+/- 13%). Local control of disease in the abdomen and pelvis was 87% in the FG and only 36% in the UG. Severe long-term complications occurred in 7% of the patients and consisted of small bowel obstruction. Our results strongly indicate that the PMH classification of FG and UG is useful in our patient population in determining which subgroup of patients should be offered WAP.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Exercise and the patient with Type I diabetes mellitus.

This article reviews the clinical features of heart disease in the diabetic in three categories: (1) coronary atherosclerosis (CAD), (2) autonomic neuropathy, and (3) cardiomyopathy. Particular attention is given to current methods of noninvasive assessment of cardiac function in juvenile diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Responses of male hamsters to the ear gland secretions of conspecifics.

The behavioral responses of sexually experienced males toward anesthetized conspecifics were examined. Males directed more mounts and spent significantly more time investigating the ears and genital region of castrated males and diestrous females than intact males. Castrated males were treated in a similar manner to females, suggesting that the absence of an androgen-dependent factor(s) renders an animal more sexually attractive. Males were also administered paired preference tests in which they investigated the odors from the ear glands of diestrous females, castrated males, and intact males. Subjects spent significantly more time investigating the odors originating from ear glands of females and gonadectomized males than intact males. There was no significant difference in the amount of time males spent with the ears of castrated males and diestrous females. These experiments demonstrate that sexually experienced male hamsters can utilize odors associated with the ears to discriminate the gender of conspecifics.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

BCNU and steroids in the viral-induced dog brain tumor.

Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous Sarcoma was inoculated intracerebrally into 27 newborn beagle dogs. Fourteen days after viral inoculation, 13 of the dogs were given intravenous BCNU (1 mg/kg). The other 14 were given the same volume of intravenous saline in a randomized, double-blinded fashion. Ninety percent of all dogs developed intracranial tumors. Radionuclide (mercury 197) brain scans were done on each dog at 2-week intervals. Median survival was 113 days in the BCNU group and 115 days in the placebo group (P > .99). Unequivocally positive radionuclide brain scans were detected in 5 dogs treated with BCNU and in 2 of the controls. There were no gross or microscopic differences at autopsy between treated and nontreated animals. BCNU, as given in this animal brain tumor model, did not demonstrate any oncolytic effect. An improvement in sequential brain scans was detected in 2 other dogs in response to Dexamethasone, which was given in a double-blinded, cross-over controlled fashion. Computerized tomography clearly demonstrated the tumor in two cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Use of biliary drainage in diagnosis of biliary tract disease.

Thirty-five patients with biliary-type symptoms and normal oral cholecystograms were found to have either cholesterol crystals, calcium bilirubinate pigment or leucocytes in gallbladder bile collected through duodenal drainage. All underwent cholecystectomy. The gallbladders all showed histological evidence of chronic cholecystitis and/or cholesterolosis. In addition, four gallbladders contained calculi. Cholecystectomy is recommended as treatment for a selected group of patients with duodenal bile crystals or pigment.

Adolescent↗