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Biomedical subjects

N Grover

Publications and source records attributed to N Grover.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Cognitive behavioural intervention in bronchial asthma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to find out the efficacy of cognitive behaviour therapy, as an adjunct to standard pharmacotherapy in bronchial asthma. DESIGN: An experimental design with pre- and post-therapy assessments was adopted. SETTING: The Medicine Out-patient Department of St. John's Medical College and Hospital, and Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore. PATIENTS: Ten asthma patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, matched for use of drugs, were sequentially allotted to two groups: a) experimental group, who were exposed to cognitive behaviour therapy along with standard pharmacotherapy, b) control group, who were exposed to standard pharmacotherapy alone. INTERVENTION: Cognitive behaviour therapy included 15 individual sessions consisting of asthma education, Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation (JPMR), behavioural techniques, cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills and behavioural counseling to significant others. MEASUREMENTS: The measures used for pre- and post-therapy assessments were--Asthma symptom checklist, asthma diary, state trait anxiety inventory-Y1 and Y2, Beck depression inventory, asthma quality of life questionnaire and peak expiratory flow rate. RESULTS: There was significant decrease in asthma symptoms, anxiety and depression; and significant increase in quality of life in the experimental group (p < 0.05) at the post-assessment. The control group did not show any significant change at the post-assessment. CONCLUSION: Cognitive behaviour therapy helps in improving the management of asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Congenital malformations in Shimla.

Congenital malformations were studied over a period of five years in 10,100 consecutive births including still births at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla. Out of these, 180 babies had one or the other congenital malformations and the overall incidence was 1.78%. Amongst the 311 still born babies 47 had congenital malformations indicating that the incidence of congenital malformations was much higher in still born babies (15.1%) as compared to the live born babies (1.3%). The malformations involving the central nervous system were the commonest (40%) followed by musculoskeletal system (23.8%) while genitourinary system malformations were the least common and accounted for 3.8% of the cases. Incidence of congenital malformations was the highest in mothers over 35 years of age and gravida four and more. The incidence was 2.8% in both the groups; the incidence of congenital malformation was more in babies weighing < 2500 gms and was 2.6%.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed2000

Childhood trichobezoar.

Two cases of trichobezoar with unusual presentation in rural female children are described. The first one in a healthy asymptomatic child with no abnormal psychological behaviour and other one in an emotionally disturbed child with history of trichotillomania. Both were treated surgically with no recurrence. A physical sign of indentibility is discussed and literature is also reviewed.

Bezoars↗
PubMed1998

Neonatal sepsis in hospital born babies.

Incidence of neonatal sepsis in a study carried out among hospital born babies was found to be 5.3 per cent significantly high (10.9%) amongst low birth weight compared to (3.1%) normal birth weight babies. Sepsis related mortality also exceeded significantly in low birth weight babies. Positive cultures were obtained in 36.7 per cent of babies with sepsis. The organisms identified were Staphylococcus pyogenes (40%), E. coli (27.5%), Klebsiella spp. (15%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10%) and Enterobacter spp. (7.5%). Gram negative bacilli predominated in early onset (< 72 hrs. of life) and gram positive cocci in late onset. Mortality with early onset culture positive neonatal sepsis was significantly high compared to late onset. The bacterial isolates obtained were found to be resistant to routinely used antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin and gentamycin). Third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides (netilmycin) were found to be effective in treatment of neonatal sepsis.

Hospitalization↗
PubMed1994

Indigenous free radical scavenger MAK 4 and 5 in angina pectoris. Is it only a placebo?

Thirty patients were evaluated to study the effect of Maharishi Amrit Kalsh (MAK) 4 & 5 on Angina pectoris. The mean angina frequency per month was 8.87. Twelve lead ECG, computerized TMT and echo studies were done initially, at 6 months, and after 2 years in all cases. Ten grams of MAK 4 paste was given daily in two divided doses, each followed by a MAK 5 tablet, for six months. Vasodilator and antihypertensive drugs were continued on ethical grounds. Twenty-four patients (80%) out of the total 30 reported a significant improvement after 6 months of therapy. The mean angina frequency per month improved from 8.87 to 3.03. All patients reported a sense of well being. Five out of 11 hypertensive patients reported a fall in systolic blood pressure. Lipid profile showed a rise in HDL which was statistically insignificant. Improved exercise tolerance was observed in 10 cases (33.33%) after 6 months of therapy and this effect was sustained even at 2 years. ECG and echo studies were inconclusive. No side effects or drug interactions were seen. This beneficial effect observed is probably as a result of free radical scavenging property of MAK on 'Reactive Oxygen Species' or an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation; or by its inhibitory action on platelet aggregation or all these in synergism.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Medical therapy of the hypertensive patient with concomitant angina pectoris.

Systemic hypertension and symptomatic ischemic heart disease are two common disorders that coexist in the same patient. A medical approach to the patient with both systemic hypertension and angina pectoris is presented in this article, and different treatment modalities are considered.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Human spermatozoa penetration to zona-free hamster ova and the volume of sperm cells.

Thirty-five infertile men were divided into two groups: those with normal spermograms (15 cases) and those with oligospermia (20 cases). Each semen sample was examined by its penetration into zona-free hamster ova and by an improved Coulter counter apparatus for measuring the volume of spermatozoal head. Both groups were further divided into two subgroups: those with normal (above 15%) and those with abnormal penetration assay (0-10%). The relationship between sperm modal size and sperm cell penetration into hamster ova in both groups--the oligospermic and the normospermic--was calculated and was found to be nonsignificant (correlation index: -0.154). It appears that the inability of some human sperm cells to penetrate the zona-free hamster ova cannot be attributed to the spermatozoal size.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of the methanol extraction residue (MER) tubercle bacillus fraction on the production of antibodies in vitro. III. Consequence of prior sensitization to MER.

Mice repeatedly immunized with the methanol extraction residue fraction of tubercle bacilli (MER) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant produced high titers of circulating antibodies against MER, as assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Spleen cells derived from these animals failed to respond to the usual nonspecific immunopotentiating influence of MER on the primary production of antibodies (generation of specific plaque-forming cells) in vitro to sheep red blood cells. The defect was expressed by B lymphocytes and splenic macrophages, but not by splenic T lymphocytes or peritoneal exudate macrophagic cells. Impaired responsiveness by spleen cells from MER-immunized animals to nonspecific immunostimulation was also expressed with regard to another, unrelated biological response modifier, lipopolysaccharide. There was no impairment of responsiveness to polyclonal mitogenic stimulation. Possible mechanisms of the effects described are discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1975

The sural nerve in familial dysautonomia.

In familial dysautonomia there are malfunctions of motor, sensory and autonomic systems. The sural nerve has reduced transverse fascicular area, diminished numbers of myelinated axons (particularly those of small diameter) and very few non-myelinated axons. Catecholamine containing endings are not found in accompanying arteries. These changes are compatible with reduced neuronal populations described in sympathetic and sensory ganglia. The observed pathology accounts for many of the clinical features of the disease and suggests an abnormality in intrauterine development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal morbidity in a hospital at Shimla.

During the study period there were 2063 live births. Of these 573 (27.8%) were low birth weight (LBW), 277 (13.4%) preterm and 148 (7.1%) small for date (SFD) babies. In all, 263 (12.7%) newborns suffered from one or the other morbidity. Birth asphyxia of varying severity developed in 130 (6.3%) babies [88 LBW and 42 normal birth weight (NBW) (p < 0.001)]. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed in 82 (3.9%) babies, most being due to hyaline membrane diseases (31.7%), which affected 26 (9.4%) of preterm babies. Deep infections were seen in 109 (5.3%) newborns [60 LBW and 49 NBW, (p < 0.001)] and superficial infections were seen in 79 (3.8%) babies [46 LBW and 33 NBW, (p < 0.001)]. Hyperbilirubinemia was detected in 78 (3.8%) babies. In one fifth of the babies, the cause of hyperbilirubinemia remained unidentified even after detailed investigations. Hypothermia was observed in 59 (2.9%) newborns [48 LBW and 11 NBW, (p < 0.001] and congenital malformations were seen in 24 (1.7%) babies. Morbidity was found to be high amongst LBW and preterm babies. The incidence of deep infections and hypothermia was high in our study.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal mortality rate: relationship to birth weight and gestational age.

A total of 2063 live births were studied during one year period from July 1994 to June 1995. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 35.4 per thousand live births. The case fatality rate among low birth weight and preterms was 10.1% and 18.1% respectively. Though, low birth weight babies accounted for 27.8% of the live births but contributed for 79.5% of neonatal deaths [p < 0.001]. Similarly, preterm babies accounted for 13.2% of the live births but contributed for 69.9% of neonatal deaths [p < 0.001]. The causes of neonatal deaths found were birth asphyxia (31.1%), infections (23.3%), immaturity (17.8%), hypothermia (9.6%), hyaline membrane disease (2.7%) and cogenital malformation (1.4%). There is need to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of prematurity and low birth weight babies. Comprehensive antenatal coverage and adequate care followed by optimal management of newborns at birth is likely to reduce NMR and improve quality of life among survivors.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of immunoglobulin G synthesizing plasma cells in periapical granuloma and cyst.

Immunoglobulin synthesizing plasma cells for IgG were quantitated in 20 periapical granulomas and 20 periapical cysts, using unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex method. Result showed that immunoglobulin G producing plasma cells were predominant in periapical cyst as compared with periapical granuloma. A statistical significant relation was observed between these two lesions.

Humans↗