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N H Axelsen

Publications and source records attributed to N H Axelsen.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Detection of M-components by an easy immunofixation procedure: comparison with agarose gel electrophoresis and classical immunoelectrophoresis.

Commercial anti-gamma-alpha-mu and anti-kappa-lambda (mixture of commercial anti-kappa and anti-lambda) were used for immunofixation after agarose gel electrophoresis of 100 serum samples diluted 1 : 5. This simple screening method detected M-components in 39 sera. M-components were detected in 33 sera by agarose gel electrophoresis, and in 30 sera by classical immunoelectrophoresis. More than one band was detected in 15 sera by the screening method, in 3 sera by agarose gel electrophoresis, and in 2 sera by immunoelectrophoresis. The screening method was superior to the combined use of agarose gel electrophoresis and classical immunoelectrophoresis for detection of M-components, and easier to perform and interpret.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Cross-reactions between mycobacteria. II. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of soluble antigens of BCG and comparison with other mycobacteria.

Cross-reactions between Mycobacterium bovis BCG and various other mycobacteria, Nocardia asteroides, Corynebacterium pyogenes and Listeria monocytogenes were studied by incorporating antibodies against these bacteria in the intermediate gel of a crossed immunoelectrophoretic system with BCG antigen and anti-BCG antibodies. In the BCG reference system forty-four distinct antigenic components were recorded, of which thiryt-three cross-reacted with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, twenty-five with M. avium, twenty-one with M. suvalii, eighteen with M. smegmatis, Fifteen with M. nonchromogenicum, twelve with M. phlei, eight with N. anteroides and two with C. pyogenes, whereas no cross-reaction was detected with L. monocytogenes. The value of the method for characterization of mycobacterial antigens is discussed. A taxonomic system based on this method appears particularly valuable for studies of non-cultivativable mycobacteria such as M. leprae. A majority of twenty-one patients with lepromatous leprosy had anti-BCG antibodies of restricted specificity, affecting only four or five BCG antigens, although one patient had twelve anti-BCG specificities. Most of these antibodies reacted with those BCG antigens that cross-react extensively with other mycobacteria.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of chymosin (EC 3.4.23.4) in the stomach of newborn pig.

The stomach of newborn pig contains a proteinase that is immunologically closely related to calf chymosin (rennin) (EC 3.4.23.4.). None of the pepsins from the stomach of adult pig is present in the newborn pig. Pig chymosin has optimal general proteolytic activity around pH 3.5. The ratio of milk-clotting activity to general proteolytic activity is about 30--70 times higher than that of pyloric and fundic pepsins.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Mycobacterium leprae specific antibodies detected by radioimmunoassay.

A radioimmunoassay was developed for demonstration of antibodies against M. leprae specific antigenic determinants. The specificity of the assay was tested with hyperimmune rabbit antisera against other mycobacteria and shown to be very high. The titre of M. leprae specific antibodies in a lepromatous serum pool was 10(5). Sixty-one of sixty-two lepromatous sera, all of twelve borderline sera and twenty of forty-eight tuberculoid sera were positive in the assay, whereas all of thirty-eight control sera from tuberculin positive individuals from a leprosy non-endemic area were negative. Aplication as a diagnostic test for subclinical infection with M. leprae is discussed. The principle of the test appears promising for serological distinction between pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Antigens in human glioblastomas and meningiomas: Search for tumour and onco-foetal antigens. Estimation of S-100 and GFA protein.

Extracts of glioblastomas and meningiomas were analysed by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis for the presence of foetal brain antigens and tumour-associated antigens, and levels of 2 normal brain-specific proteins were also determined. The following antibodies were used: monospecific anti-S-100 (glia specific); monospecific anti-GFA (glial fibrillary acidic protein), (astroglia specific); polyspecific anti-foetal brain (12-16th week of gestation); a polyspecific anti-glioblastoma antiserum, absorbed with insolubilized serum, haemolysate and normal brain extract; polyspecific anti-alpha-foetoprotein; and monospecific anti-ferritin. Using the antibodies raised against the tumours, several antigens not present in foetal or adult normal brain were found in the glioblastomas and the meningiomas. These antigens cross-reacted with antigens present in normal liver and were therefore not tumour-associated. S-100 was found in glioblastomas in approximately one tenth the amount in whole brain homogenate, whereas GFA was found 2-4 times enriched. The 2 proteins were absent in meningiomas. The possible use of the GFA protein as a marker for astroglial neoplasia is discussed. Five foetal antigens were found in foetal brain, but none in the tumours. alpha-Foetoprotein could only be demonstrated in foetal tissue extracts, including foetal brain, but not in tumours. Ferritin was detected in all tumour extracts, although the amounts determined were unrelated to histological tumour type.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1977

Antibody response in rabbits to immunization with Mycobacterium leprae.

Mycobacterium leprae purified from liver tissue of an infected armadillo (the A/10 preparation) was tested for antigenic composition by immunization of rabbits and characterization of the antibody response by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The rabbit antisera detected seven distinct components in the M. leprae preparation. This number is far lower than in similar experiments with other mycobacteria. The M. leprae sonic extract gave far fewer lines after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining with Coomassie brillant blue than sonic extracts prepared from BCG, M. smegmatis, and M. phlei adjusted to the same protein concentration based on the Folin assay. The seven components detected in M. leprae cross-reacted extensively with M. avium, BCG, M. lepraemurium, M. smegmatis, and Nocardia asteroides. The seven components are involved in immune reactions in leprosy; antibodies against all of them were demonstrated in sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy, but the specificity of the antibodies varied from patient to patient. The reason for the demonstration of so few antigenic components and some of the implications of these findings for the use of armadillo-grown M. leprae to develop specific skin test reagents and in other aspects of leprosy research are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Alpha-fetoprotein-like activity in sera from patients with malignant and non-malignant disease and healthy individuals.

A new method, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, demonstrates alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera with a sensitivity of 1 mug/1. By this method AFP with alpha mobility was not found in sera from healthy individuals, patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and cystic fibrosis. In some of the sera, AFP was elevated when measured by conventional radioimmunoassay method and the sera contained an AFP-like substance with gamma mobility when analyzed by radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The nature of this gamma substance is still obscure and needs further investigation.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1976

Immunochemical, chromatographic, and milk-clotting activity measurements for quantification of milk-clotting enzymes in bovine rennets.

Monospecific rabbit antibodies were produced against bovine chymosin (rennin) and bovine pepsin A and used for quantitative measurements of these enzymes by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Bovine pepsin B was identified and measured quantitatively in tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using a polyspecific antibody preparation. Chromatographically purified chymosin B and bovine pepsins A and B were used as standards. The contents of chymosin and bovine pepsin A were also determined by 2 forms of DEAE chromatography, and by an assay utilizing the ratio of milk-clotting activity at pH 6-0 and 6-5. Results obtained by measurements on 3 bovine rennets (calf rennet, adult bovine rennet, and a mixture of such types) by the different methods of analysis were in good agreement. The advantages of the immunochemical methods are direct and simultaneous identification and quantitation of enzymes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

mu-chain disease in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant histiocytoma. I. Clinical aspects.

A 27-year-old woman with proteinuria and normal serum creatinine for 10 years developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and after further 2 years during treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil a malignant histiocytoma appeared. Free mu-chains were demonstrated in serum, but it is possible that mu-chain disease (mu-CD) and Bence-Jones proteinuria had persisted unrecognized for 12 years, since vacuolated plasma cells were found when the primary bone marrow smear was re-evaluated and no glomerular disorders were found. The clinical findings from the now 11 known cases of mu-CD are reveiwed and the immunochemical findings are reported ain part II (Axelsen et al 1976). The patient's mother died of acute leukaemia at the age of 24. The mother's sister has mammary carcinoma and several members of the mother's line apparently have increased tendency to infections. Of 27 family members, none exhibited immunoglobulin defects, but 10 members of the mother's line had B- as well as T-lymphocytosis and 5 members had leukocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Mu-chain disease in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and malignant histiocytoma. II. Immunochemical studies.

Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum from the eleventh case of mu-chain disease (mu-CD) showed two distinct abnormal bands due to free light chains and kappa-complexes with other serum proteins. This caused diagnostic difficulties on conventional immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel is demonstrated as a superior tool for investigation of mu-CD. A simple rocket immunoelectrophoresis method foe mu-CD screening is also shown. The mu-CD protein had alpha-2-mobility and a part of the protein carried kappa-determinants probably due to secondary binding. Preparative ultracentrifugation and size chromatography on serum demonstrated that the mu-CD protein was present in serum in several sizes, the smallest being a dimer of mu-chains. Due to scarcity of material the abnormal protein could not be characterized further.

Adult↗