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Biomedical subjects

N H Kalin

Publications and source records attributed to N H Kalin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of acute behavioral stress on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ACTH and beta-endorphin in rhesus monkeys.

To elucidate the effect of acute behavioral stress on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and beta-endorphin, rhesus monkeys were subjected to 30 min of confinement stress. Simultaneous plasma and CSF samples revealed no significant change in CSF ACTH or beta-endorphin up to 120 min after the onset of the stress despite significant elevations in plasma cortisol, ACTH, and beta-endorphin. It is suggested that acute behavioral stress does not alter CSF ACTH or beta-endorphin, and that this information may be clinically useful for future human studies of CSF ACTH and beta-endorphin in neuropsychiatric illnesses.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Consistent reversal of abnormal DSTs after different antidepressant therapies in a patient with dementia.

The authors present a longitudinal case study of a 57-year-old man whose initial symptoms consisted of depression and dementia associated with an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Antidepressant therapy resulted in consistent reversal of the DST and partial remission of the patient's vegetative signs. Nevertheless, the patient's condition deteriorated over 36 months to end-stage dementia.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1985

Behavioral effects of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor administered to rhesus monkeys.

Synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered i.v. and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to rhesus monkeys resulted in endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral changes. When the monkeys were chair-restrained, behavioral arousal increased. When the same doses of CRF were administered in a more familiar environment, the animals became behaviorally inhibited. Behavioral alterations were associated with hypotension after i.v. CRF. Slight increases in blood pressure were observed after i.c.v. CRF. The potential clinical significance for the use of rhesus monkey to study the effects of CRF is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Endocrine effects of the cold pressor test: relationships to subjective pain appraisal and coping.

Blood was drawn from 14 normal volunteers twice before, immediately after a 1-minute immersion of the nondominant hand in ice water (cold pressor test), and twice during recovery. Serum levels of beta-endorphin, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, and opioid activity were determined, and measures of subjective pain appraisal and coping styles were obtained. Cortisol was the only variable to show a significant increase as a function of noxious stimulation. Correlational analysis yielded relationships between neuroendocrine variables and subjective pain appraisal as well as coping styles, suggesting complex interactions between neuroendocrine and psychological processes in human pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Biological correlates of attachment bond disruption in humans and nonhuman primates.

Separations or disruptions in attachment bonds occur frequently in the social lives of humans and have been linked to the development of psychopathology. Separation of social nonhuman primates has been proposed as a model to study the psychological and biological effects of separation in humans. This paper reviews the biological alterations that occur in nonhuman primates undergoing separation and compares these with changes associated with separation in humans. The data reviewed demonstrate that separation in humans and nonhuman primates can be an event with profound behavioral and physiological sequelae.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The dexamethasone suppression test in demented outpatients with and without depression.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was given to 33 elderly, male outpatients, previously diagnosed by DSM-III criteria as having dementia. Fifteen of these patients also had signs and symptoms of depression and, except for the presence of organic mental syndrome, would have met DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode. Of these 15 depressed, demented patients, 40% had abnormal DST results. None of the 18 patients who had dementia alone had abnormal DSTs. Our data suggest that in elderly, demented outpatients, an abnormal DST may be associated with concomitant depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Effects of chronic medical illness and dementia on the dexamethasone suppression test.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was performed on 26 elderly male outpatients in a geriatric medical clinic. Patients with depression were excluded. All patients had two or more medical diagnoses. Fourteen patients also met DSM-III criteria for dementia. No patient had an abnormal DST result. The authors suggest that neither chronic medical illness nor dementia causes false-positive DST results in this patient population in an outpatient setting, and discuss the findings in relation to previous reports.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between blood and cerebrospinal fluid prolactin in nonhuman primates.

We studied the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of prolactin (PRL) in repeated and simultaneous samples of blood and CSF from chair-restrained rhesus monkeys. Following administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), each of 4 monkeys showed increased plasma and lumbar CSF PRL concentrations. Increases in CSF PRL concentrations were muted and delayed until 60 min after peak plasma concentrations were attained. In 3 other monkeys we compared PRL concentrations in simultaneous lateral ventricular and lumbar CSF samples. ALthough we found no difference in PRL concentrations under baseline conditions, a ventricular-lumbar PRL concentration gradient became apparent after TRH stimulation. These studies demonstrate that changes in plasma PRL concentrations are reflected in CSF concentrations. They suggest that a significant blood-CSF barrier exists for PRL and the PRL may enter the CSF selectively via the ventricles.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The dexamethasone suppression test in patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 16 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients. Six of these patients (37.5%) had an abnormal DST response. There was a trend for patients with the DST abnormality to have higher depression rating scale scores and a higher incidence of family history of affective illness compared to DST suppressors. Although 7 of the 16 OCD patients met DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder, in every case the affective symptoms were secondary to the primary obsessional illness. The relationship of the DST to the specificity of psychiatric diagnoses is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations before and after dexamethasone.

Alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in up to 50% of depressed patients and is demonstrated by the failure to suppress cortisol concentrations after dexamethasone administration. Evidence suggesting that these cortisol abnormalities reflect hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction has been inconsistent. We administered the dexamethasone suppression test to 28 psychiatric inpatients, including 17 cortisol suppressors and 11 nonsuppressors. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations at 8 a.m. pre- and postdexamethasone were significantly greater in cortisol nonsuppressors than in suppressors. Our data support the hypothesis that pituitary ACTH secretion is altered in depressed patients who have HPA axis abnormalities demonstrated by plasma cortisol measurements.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

Naloxone effects on beta-endorphin, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, HVA and MHPG in plasma of normal volunteers.

8 mg of naloxone were administered IV to 14 normal volunteers in a placebo-controlled, double-blind experiment. Plasma levels of beta-endorphin, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, HVA and MHPG were determined before and 45 min after administration. Naloxone elicited significant increases in cortisol and MHPG but did not change plasma levels of the other compounds. In an additional experiment on two subjects, 20 mg of naloxone caused elevations of beta-endorphin as well as of cortisol. This parallel increase indicates that the linkage between the secretion of beta-endorphin and ACTH/cortisol may be dose-dependent. The increase in MHPG is in agreement with the hypothesized association of noradrenergic hyperactivity and opiate withdrawal.

Adult↗