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Biomedical subjects

N H Wiebenga

Publications and source records attributed to N H Wiebenga.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Serological response to rubella revaccination.

To document the serological response, 21 seronegative rubella vaccinees (hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titer less than 10) were revaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. All demonstrated an anamnestic response. Although RA 27/3 vaccine was an effective booster, antibody boost was not maintained in some persons. Of 15 persons tested, 24 to 27 months after revaccination, six had a significant HI antibody drop (fourfold or greater); only one had lost all detectable HI antibody. Although all 21 study participants were initially HI seronegative by rubella HI testing, 16 (76.2%) possessed neutralization and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies before revaccination. As more persons with vaccine-induced immunity join the adult population pool, more sensitive test methods may be needed to assess serological status accurately.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Rubella antibody persistence after immunization.

A comparative field trial of three live, attenuated rubella virus vaccines (Cendehill, HPV 77 DE-5, and HPV-77 DK-12) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. Following initial seroconversion rates of more than 98%, periodic serological testing of the study population was conducted to assess the durability of vaccine-induced immunity. In February 1980, ten years after the initiation of the study, 741 of the 5,153 original susceptible vaccinees were still enrolled in the study. After a drop of approximately 50% in mean hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titer for each of the vaccine groups during the first four years following vaccination, the HI titer levels for all three groups have been generally stable between years 4 and 10. The frequency of reversion to an HI titer of less than 10 has remained less than 0.5% per year. A measurable HI antibody level has persisted in more than 97% of all vaccines over the ten-year period. This study indicates that when potent rubella vaccine is administered properly, a high seroconversion rate and a high rate of antibody persistence should be expected.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1982

Rubella seroepidemiology in Hawaii.

To determine rubella susceptibility levels 10 years after the introduction of the rubella vaccine in Hawaii, a large-scale serosurvey was conducted in conjunction with a campaign to raise the immunity levels of adolescent and adult women. Each woman tested for rubella antibody was asked her age, ethnic group, migration history, number of siblings, vaccination history, and the occupation of the head of the household. In the period from September 1977 through June 1979, serum specimens acceptable for analysis were collected from 3,852 women; 23.8% were susceptible (haemagglutination inhibition antibody titre less than 8) to rubella. A statistical analysis by fitting log-linear models revealed that rubella vaccination history, birthplace, ethnic group, number of siblings and island of residence appear to be factors related to rubella susceptibility. Although caution must be used in comparing this survey with previous surveys, the relatively low rubella susceptibility rate found in this survey may represent a true decrease in rubella susceptibility due to the rubella vaccination programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Saturday night fever: a common-source outbreak of rubella among adults in Hawaii.

During the summer of 1977, an epidemic of rubella occurred among adults in Hawaii. The highest attack rate was in women 20-24 years old (226/100,000), with almost total sparing of young schoolchildren. A case-control investigation implicated a specific discotheque as a common place of exposure for persons with onset of disease during the epidemic peak (chi 2 = 12.9,p less than 0.001). A piano player/singer at the discotheque was the apparent source of the virus transmission. The large number of cases linked to this musician suggests that airborne transmission occurred while he was singing rather than by direct person-to-person contact. Rubella vaccine was given to 6523 women in public clinics held during the epidemic. Despite screening for pregnancy and birth control usage, 23 women (3.5/1000) became pregnant within three months after receiving the vaccine. Eleven of 12 women who reportedly contracted natural rubella while pregnant elected to terminate their pregnancies; the 12th had a normal appearing infant. The susceptibility rate for all adults tested for rubella hemagglutination inhibition antibody was 36.9%, a rate similar to the found in earlier surveys in Hawaii. The occurrence of this epidemic confirms the changing epidemiology of rubella with respect to age distribution and supports the view that vaccination of young children may not be sufficient to protect adult women from exposure to rubella, especially in areas where a high proportion of adults remain susceptible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Rubella immunization. Persistence of antibody four years after a large-scale field trial.

A long-term comparative field trial of three live, attenuated rubella vaccines (HPV-77 DE-5, HPV-77 DK-12, and Cendehill) was initiated in 1969 on the islands of Kauai and Hawaii in the state of Hawaii. Rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests on prevaccination serum specimens from 7,931 children in the two study areas indicated an overall susceptibility to rubella of nearly 70%. The rates of seroconversion of 5,153 seronegative subjects to HPV-77 DE-5, HPV-77 DK-12, and Cendehill vaccine were 97.5%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. Over the subsequent four-year follow-up period, during which time natural exposure to rubella was minimal, the percent decline of geometric mean titers did not vary substantially among the three vaccine groups and measured about twofold for all three. A total of only 28 vaccines (0.7%) who seroconverted to one of the vaccines in 1969 lost all measurable antibody by 1974. Measurable antibody persisted in more than 98% of all vaccinees over the four-year period. Reinfection, thought possibly to be an important factor in maintaining titers, did not occur frequently in the study population and could not be related to outbreaks of disease.

Age Factors↗