PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Hazumi

Publications and source records attributed to N Hazumi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Devices for structured data entry in electronic patient record.

Electronic patient record is expected to have edit, data analysis, and decision supporting functions. To realize these functions, the entered data should be structured. We made a template based data entry system with some devices. We defined a template for each describing unit, i.e., symptom, physical finding and examination report. Template is composed of several describing elements (a pair of property and value), which form tree structure in general. When a template is selected, the top layers of the elements are displayed at once allowing data entry. When the data qualified by other elements is entered then system presents the second layer about this data at once. This enables users to skip entering some unnecessary items. Users can constitute a form by combining some templates frequently used in a situation. Furthermore, at the second patient visit, the system can present the templates used in the former patient visit to check the different point. These templates and forms can be made easily by editing the master data using template master maintenance program. The entered patient data are presented in progress note and flow sheet. In progress note, the entered data are translated into natural language. In the flow sheet, representative data of each template are present in the cell of the matrix whose line indicates the describing unit and column indicates date. If the cell is clicked, then the details are presented. Using this system, we made templates and forms for cardiovascular field and entered the data about an actual patient with angina pectoris. The time taken by inputting data is shorter than that by handwriting and the content is enough for a patient record. This system is practical for structured data entry in electrical patient record.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1997

In vitro evaluation of BO-3482, a novel dithiocarbamate carbapenem with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

BO-3482, a dithiocarbamate carbapenem, inhibited clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) at 6.25 microg/ml (MIC at which 90% of isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90]), while the MIC90 of imipenem was > 100 microg/ml. BO-3482 was generally less active than imipenem against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, enterococci, and gram-negative bacteria, although BO-3482 showed better activity (MIC90) than imipenem against Enterococcus faecium, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus mirabilis, and Clostridium difficile. The affinities (50% inhibitory concentrations) of BO-3482 for penicillin-binding protein (PBP) PBP 2' of MRS and PBP 5 of E. faecium (both PBPs have low affinities for ordinary beta-lactam antibiotics) were 3.8 and 20 microg/ml, respectively, reflecting the greater activity of BO-3482 against MRS than against E. faecium.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Mechanism of enhanced antipseudomonal activity of BO-2727, a new injectable 1-beta-methyl carbapenem.

The mechanism of the enhanced activity of BO-2727 against imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied by using a set of four isogenic strains derived from beta-lactamase-deficient P. aeruginosa PAO4089 (blaJ blaP). Complementation of the blaJ and blaP mutations conferred greater resistance to biapenem, panipenem, and imipenem than to BO-2727 and meropenem, most notably in the outer membrane protein D2-deficient strain. The higher levels of resistance to biapenem, panipenem, and imipenem can be explained by the slow but significant hydrolysis by beta-lactamase, whereas the reduced levels of resistance to BO-2727 and meropenem would be attributable to their stability in the presence of high levels of beta-lactamase and the fact that they cause only low induction of beta-lactamase. It is also noted that the activity of BO-2727 against the beta-lactamase-deficient strain was less affected by the loss of the D2 porin than was that of meropenem, indicating that BO-2727 in comparison with meropenem can overcome an intrinsic resistance caused by the loss of D2. Moreover, comparative in vitro resistance studies have shown that BO-2727 and meropenem selected fewer resistant cells than other carbapenems. In conclusion, BO-2727 exhibited improved activity against imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, probably because of its ability to overcome loss of the D2 porin and beta-lactamase hydrolysis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Resistance to a new catecholic cephem, BO-1341, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO.

Two distinct types of mutant resistant to the catecholic cephem BO-1341 were isolated spontaneously from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO2146: (i) a mutant (CCB5-type) which produced beta-lactamase constitutively, and which appeared to result from a mutation in the regulatory gene (blaI at 41 min) controlling the structural gene (blaP at 25 min); (ii) a mutant (CCB7-type) with specific resistance to BO-1341. Induction of beta-lactamase production in strain CCB7 by BO-1341 was diminished markedly when compared with that in the parent strain. This was not the case for ceftazidime or cefoxitin, suggesting impaired uptake of BO-1341 as an explanation for the resistance. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated increased production of a 55 kDa protein in the periplasmic space and a 84 kDa outer membrane protein. These data suggested that specific resistance to BO-1341 might involve quantitative alterations in the composition of the outer membrane and periplasmic proteins.

Cefoxitin↗
PubMed1990

Amplification of a long sequence that includes a processed pseudogene for elongation factor 2 in the mouse.

Quantitative Southern blotting analysis has demonstrated that mouse cells contain about 70 copies per haploid genome of a DNA sequence related to the gene for elongation factor 2. The restriction maps of seven cosmids that each carry one copy of the EF2-related sequence (MER) and nucleotide sequences of MERs were highly conserved among the cosmids. Data obtained by such analyses suggest that MERs were produced by the integration of one copy of MER derived from poly(A)+ mRNA for EF2 into a specific site in the mouse genome, with subsequent amplification of MER together with its large flanking sequences during the evolution of the mouse. Furthermore, it appears that the size of each repeating unit is more than 60 kb. Analysis by pulse-field gel electrophoresis suggested that multiple copies of a repeating unit of more than 400 kb (or two units) are clustered at a specific site (or each specific site) in the mouse genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

RecA-independent high-frequency deletion of recombinant cosmid DNA in Escherichia coli.

Segments of DNA were deleted from recombinant cosmid DNAs during propagation in Escherichia coli hosts in liquid culture. DNAs of more than 1000 cosmids propagated in various E. coli hosts were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). The effects of vectors, insert DNAs and host genetic characters on the formation of deletions were examined. The probability of deletion and the pattern of deletion bands observed by AGE differed from clone to clone, and after extensive culture the deletion band patterns remained almost constant during further culture. Most recombinant clones eventually showed deletion during prolonged liquid culture. Mutations in the recA gene of E. coli hosts, including a deletion mutation, did not prevent deletion. Most deletions occurred in the insert portions of cosmid DNAs. Nucleotide sequence analysis of six deletion junctions in test cosmid cMB15 demonstrated that deletions occurred between two short complete direct repeats of about 4-10 bp, irrespective of whether the cosmid was propagated in a recA host or a rec+ host. Some deletions occurred at the same sites either in a recA host or a rec+ host. These results suggest that the deletion events are mainly mediated by a recA-independent recombination system(s) of E. coli host cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Simplified cosmid vectors for gene transfer to cultured mammalian cells: isolation of the gene for elongation factor 2 from the mouse.

We constructed a series of cosmid vectors that carry two tandemly arranged lambda cos and mammalian selective markers. We achieved cloning efficiencies of 1-3 x 10(7) and greater than 10(6) colony-forming units per microgram of insert, using a cloned 42-kb BamHI fragment and Sau3AI fragments of 40-50 kb from mouse genomic DNA, respectively. The modified Ca.phosphate coprecipitation method [Ishiura et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (1982) 607-616] considerably improved the efficiency of gene transfer of cosmids into cultured mammalian cells: when genes encoding thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus type 1 and aminoglycoside 3'-phosphoribosyltransferase from Tn5 were selected, the efficiencies of gene transfer into mouse L cells were about 10(-6). The mouse genome contains one copy of the functional gene for elongation factor 2 (EF2) per haploid genome and multiple copies of the EF2-related gene. We isolated a cosmid that carried functional full-length mouse EF2 from a cosmid library of L-cell genomic DNA, by colony hybridization and subsequent gene transfer of candidate cosmids into human 143B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A recB recC sbcB recJ host prevents recA-independent deletions in recombinant cosmid DNA propagated in Escherichia coli.

Segments of DNA are deleted from recombinant cosmid DNAs with high frequency during propagation in standard recA Escherichia coli hosts. An attempt has been made to derive an appropriate strain of E. coli, suitable for cosmid cloning, in which such deletions do not occur. We examined the effects of a series of host recombinational mutations on the deletion process, using six independent recombinant cosmids that carry inserts of mouse, Chinese hamster, or human DNA. Various E. coli host cells carrying the recombinant cosmids were cultured serially in liquid medium, and the recombinant cosmid DNAs were extracted from the host cells and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and by gene transfer of the DNAs into cultured mammalian cells. Of the mutations examined, only a recB recC sbcB recJ (or recN) quadruple combination of host mutations prevented the deletion of DNA segments. The recombinant cosmid DNAs propagated in E. coli hosts that carried this combination of mutations were functionally as well as structurally intact. We propose that the recJ (and/or recN) gene is involved in some aspect of the events that lead to deletions of cosmid DNA in a recB recC sbcB genetic background.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Biological activity of BO-1236, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin.

BO-1236, a new cephalosporin having an N-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyisoindolinium moiety on the 3-methylene of the cephem, showed potent activity against gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The in vitro activity of BO-1236 was superior or comparable to that of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone in susceptibility tests with clinical isolates. BO-1236 was significantly more active than ceftazidime against P. aeruginosa strains susceptible or resistant to ceftazidime or gentamicin or both. MBCs were usually close to MICs, both of which were influenced by inoculum size to about the same degree as those of the other beta-lactams. BO-1236 was stable to all types of beta-lactamases except type I oxyiminocephalosporin-hydrolyzing enzyme, by which BO-1236 was slightly hydrolyzed. BO-1236 showed protective activity superior to that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime in experimental infections in mice caused by two strains of P. aeruginosa and showed activity comparable to that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime against other gram-negative bacterial infections.

Animals↗