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Biomedical subjects

N Helmy

Publications and source records attributed to N Helmy.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[The role of transarterial embolisation in the treatment of patients with abdominal injuries].

INTRODUCTION: The role of transarterial embolisation in patients with abdominal injuries is controversial. Some trauma centres advocate routine angiography, whereas others believe in restricted indications such as increasing haematomas or persistent/recurrent haematuria. METHOD: We prospectively studied 167 patients with blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. We used restricted indications for angiography and embolisation. RESULTS: Eleven of 167 patients with abdominal trauma (7%) were treated with angiography and embolisation., Overall, three of 11 patients (27%) with angiography and embolisation were treated emergently and eight of them (73%) at an average of 7.3 days. There were no complications due to the embolisation procedure, and all bleeding could be stopped. CONCLUSION: Transarterial angiography and embolisation is an important and safe tool in the treatment of acute abdominal injury when used for restricted indications. We believe this should not be performed as a routine procedure, especially in unstable patients.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2001

[Experiences with using a potentially temporary vena cava filter in multiple trauma patients].

INTRODUCTION: In Europe, there is little experience in the application of temporary cava filters in patients with multiple injuries. Especially patients with pelvic injuries, fractures of the spine, and the lower extremities are at high risk for thromboembolic events like thrombosis or pulmonary emboli. Moreover, in patients with severe head injuries, anticoagulation is contraindicated. METHOD: We present in this paper our experience with 24 consecutive patients with multiple injuries who were treated with a temporary cava filter. The insertion site was either the femoral (n = 20) or the jugular (n = 4) vein. The 24 patients revealed a mean ISS of 35.1 +/- 2.01 points. Nineteen patients had pelvic injuries and 17 patients suffered from severe head injury. In 17 patients the insertion of the filter was prophylactic, in 4 patients a thrombosis was present and in 3 patients a non-fatal pulmonary emboli was diagnosed before the application of a cava filter. RESULTS: No complication occurred due to insertion of the filter. In one patient a thrombosis of the cava was observed as the only overall complication (1 of 24 = 4.2%). CONCLUSION: The insertion of a cava filter in patients with multiple injuries with contraindication for anticoagulation is a safe and effective procedure to prevent fatal pulmonary emboli.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Traumatic dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon].

Traumatic dislocations of the tibialis posterior tendon are a rare entity compared to other injuries of the ankle joint. It should be considered if the patient presents with the mechanism of an ankle sprain in combination with severe pain in the region of the internal malleolus. We report of two cases of a traumatic dislocation of the tibialis posterior tendon and discuss the clinical image and the operative treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Seasonal abundance of Ornithodoros (O.) savignyi and prevalence of infection with Borrelia spirochetes in Egypt.

The seasonal dynamics of Ornithodoros (O.) savignyi and infection with Borrelia sp. in the tick, domestic animals and man were investigated in the village of Dahshore, Giza governorate from August 1996 through July 1997. The tick population densities of adults and immatures were high during the period from June to October with maximum levels in August and September respectively. Adults predominated (58.6%-80.0%) in October to May with the highest abundance in January while immatures prevailed (51.3%-65.8%) during the rest of the year reaching a peak in September. Of 1202 tick examined, the spirochetes were detected in 427 (35.5%). The annual infection rate in adults and immatures varied from 34.4%-36.9% with no significant difference among larvae, nymphs, males and females. Of 1396 sera from man and 553 sera from host animals tested, 309 (22.1%) and 157 (28.4%), respectively, were reactive for antibody to Borrelia sp. antigen with the highest infection rate in camel (47.8%), followed by sheep (23.8%), goat (18.0%) and cow (16.0%), then the least in buffalo (10.9%). Changes in prevalence of Borrelia infection in the tick population correlated positively with changes in antibody prevalence in man and camel and with changes in the tick population density. The four events were lowest in winter and early spring and increased afterward to reach maxima during summer or the early fall (July-September).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

First record of natural infection with Borrelia in ornithodoros (Ornithodoros) savignyi. Reservoir potential and specificity of the tick to Borrelia.

Field and laboratory data provided convincing evidence implicating O. savignyi at Shelateen, Halayeb province as a reservoir and a vector of a specific Borrelia. Using direct immunofluorescence Borrelia infection was detected for the first time in a natural population of O. savignyi in Egypt. The overall infection rate (IR) was relatively high (50.63%) and the infected ticks were capable of transmitting the infection to hamsters during feeding. Infected nymphs maintained borrelial infection transstadially to adults and the transstadially infected stages transmitted the spirochetes to hamsters. However, directly infected females were more efficient than males in transmitting the spirochetes to hamster and the IR of hamsters increased gradually by increasing the number of feeding infected ticks upon each hamster. Transovarial transmission of Borrelia intrinsic to O. savignyi occurred during the first and second gonadotrophic cycle of the infected females. The Borrelia sp. detected in the field collected O. savignyi showed specificity for its own natural tick host species when compared with B. crocidurae isolated from O. erraticus. Although the two tick species acquired, transstadially transferred and transmitted the two spirochetal infections, each tick species failed to transovarially transmit Borrelia isolated from the natural population of the other tick species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Age and sex are important factors in determining normal retinol levels.

Cut-off levels for serum retinol levels of 20 micrograms/dl for marginal and 10 micrograms/dl for definite deficiency have been advocated and extensively used in population studies. However, the blood serum levels of retinol of the newborn are known to be very low and although the age dependency of the retinol binding protein has been described, the normal levels of serum retinol at different ages have not been reported from larger series. While studying poor populations of young infants in Lahore, Pakistan, we thought it necessary to try to achieve appropriate reference values by analysing the levels of serum retinol of expatriates from the Indian subcontinent who live in the affluent United Arab Emirates, where retinol deficiency is not seen either at the hospital or the community levels. We have studied material, cord blood, infantile and adult levels of retinol and found a highly significant age relationship of serum retinol levels. During very early infancy the 'normal' mean is below what has been considered deficiency. This is new information and important in the evaluation of retinol status of individuals as well as populations. In addition, we found lower levels in women, pregnant or non-pregnant, than those in adult men. This sex difference in adults was not seen in infants. We recommend a cut off level for deficiency of 10 micrograms/dl, but only for those above 1 month of postnatal age.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Response of osteoblast cultures to titanium, steel and hydroxyapatite implants].

The biocompatibility of bone implants and substitutes is usually tested on cell-lines only, despite a different and more relevant behaviour on primary osteoblasts as final targets can be expected. "Osteoblast-like" cell line (MC3T3-E1) and fresh human osteoblasts (HOB), cultured from cancellous bone grafts from the iliac crest were used for the study. Three different clinically used biomaterials were compared regarding biocompatibility: titanium, steel and hydroxyapatite (Bio-Oss). "Osteoblast-like" cell line and fresh human osteoblasts (5x104) were seeded on the three bone implants. Cell proliferation and osteocalcin synthesis were determined 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after the cells were plated on the biomaterials. All experiments were performed in five times (pro culture double measurements). HOB proliferation on hydroxyapatite was decreasing after 3 days, whereas cells from "Osteoblast-like" cell line showed comparable proliferation to the control group. The most interesting observation was the significant decrease of the osteocalcin levels (in conditioned medium) of "osteoblast like" cells and HOB on HA (Bio-Oss). We conclude that HA disturbs the proliferation and osteocalcin synthesis of HOB.

Bone Substitutes↗
PubMed1983

Hyperparasitism in Ornithodoros erraticus.

Hyperparasitism is common in laboratory colonies of Egyptian Ornithodoros erraticus whether the ticks are on or off the rodent host. Sex, recent engorgement, and size appear to be major factors in this feeding relationship. Males, and nymphs that produced males (N-male), parasitized females and nymphs that produced females (N-female) more frequently than they parasitized males and N-male. Females and N-female seldom parasitized females and N-female and did not parasitize males or N-male. Engorging and recently engorged, large ticks attracted smaller unfed ones. No preferred attachment site was observed. Hyperparasitizing females and parasitized females weighed less, had a longer preoviposition period, and produced fewer eggs than normally feeding, unparasitized females. About 30% and 80% of the females parasitized by males and females, respectively, died within 3 mo; only 7% of unparasitized females died within the same period. The proximity of replete or engorging ticks may be sufficient stimulus for hyperparasitism. Additional factors may include production of an attracting kairomone by fed ticks or the absence under certain conditions of a deterrent to hyperparasitism normally produced by fed ticks. Borrelia crocidurae spirochetes are transmitted during hyperparasitism.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Intensive and prolonged tetracycline therapy in non-specific urethritis.

Details are given of a double-blind trial involving 400 cases in which tetracycline 500 mg. four times a day for 7 days was compared with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 14 days and also of the findings in 311 cases treated with Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks. The treatment in the double-blind trial were equally effective and appeared to be as effective as the long-term Deteclo therapy. When the results of these treatments were compared with those obtained previously with tetracycline 250 mg. four times a day for 4 days and allowance was made for the time at which the latter results have been assessed, it was concluded that neither the treatment used in the double-blind trial nor Deteclo 300 mg. three times a day for 3 weeks offered any advantage over the customary treatment with tetracycline 250 mg, four times a day for 4 days.

Chlortetracycline↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral rehydration therapy for low birth weight neonates suffering from diarrhea in the intensive care unit.

A total of 62 low birth weight (LBW) neonates (29 boys and 33 girls) suffering from diarrhea in our neonatal intensive care unit were included in this period of intense observation. The mean age was 13.89 +/- 13.22 days and average body weight was 1,500.49 +/- 281.45 g. Severity of dehydration was assessed by the Fortin-Parent score. When the score was less than 8 (mild to moderate hypovolemia), oral rehydration therapy (ORT) was administered by feeding bottle or nasogastric tube hourly. Severely hypovolemic neonates needed intravenous rehydration; 52 neonates received ORT only using the World Health Organisation (WHO) formula; 58 neonates received either cow's milk-based or soy-based formula within 12 h after ORT began, and the rest within 24 h. Diarrhea lasted less than 1 day in 92% of cases. The regimen corrected hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Only two neonates developed mild asymptomatic hypernatremia. No child became edematous. Using the WHO solution, ORT was safely given to LBW neonates, sparing painful and potentially hazardous invasive techniques, and resulted in excellent outcomes.

Body Weight↗