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Biomedical subjects

N Holt

Publications and source records attributed to N Holt.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

The care of pin sites with external fixation.

Two protocols for the operative technique and care of the pin-site with external fixation were compared prospectively. There was a total of 120 patients with 46 in group A and 74 in group B. Infection was defined as an episode of pain or inflammation at a pin site, accompanied by a discharge which was either positive on bacterial culture or responded to a course of antibiotics. Patients in group B had a lower proportion of infected pin sites (p = 0.003) and the time to the first episode of infection was longer (p < 0.001). The risk of pin-site infection is lower if attention is paid to avoiding thermal injury and local formation of haematoma during surgery and if after-care includes the use of an alcoholic antiseptic and occlusive pressure dressings.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed2000

Patient empowerment in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.

Despite a large evidence base, the practice of secondary prevention in coronary artery disease is suboptimum and needs improvement. We have shown that although patient empowerment led to an increase in cholesterol checks, the action taken by health-care professionals as a result of these checks was poor.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Photophysical studies on antimalarial drugs.

Most drugs used in the treatment of malaria produce phototoxic side effects in both the skin and the eye. Cutaneous and ocular effects that may be caused by light include changes in skin pigmentation, corneal opacity, cataract formation and other visual disturbances including irreversible retinal damage (retinopathy) leading to blindness. The mechanism for these reactions in humans is unknown. We irradiated a number of antimalarial drugs (amodiaquine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine and quinacrine) with light (lambda > 300 nm) and conducted electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and laser flash photolysis studies to determine the possible active intermediates produced. Each antimalarial drug produced at least one EPR adduct with the spin-trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide in benzene: superoxide/hydroperoxyl adducts (chloroquine, mefloquine, quinacrine, amodiaquine and quinine), carbon-centered radical adducts (all but primaquine), or a nitrogen-centered radical adduct only (primaquine). In ethanol all drugs except primaquine produced some superoxide/hydroperoxyl adduct, with quinine, quinacrine, and hydroxychloroquine also producing the ethoxyl adduct. As detected with flash photolysis and steady-state techniques, mefloquine, quinine, amodiquine and a photoproduct of quinacrine produced singlet oxygen ([symbol: see text]delta = 0.38; [symbol: see text]delta = 0.36; [symbol: see text]delta = 0.011; [symbol: see text]delta = 0.013 in D2O, pD7), but only primaquine quenched singlet oxygen efficiently (2.6 x 10(8) M-1 s-1 in D2O, pD7). Because malaria is a disease most prevalent in regions of high light intensity, protective measures (clothing, sunblock, sunglasses or eye wraps) should be recommended when administering antimalarial drugs.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1992

Medical Information Service via Telephone. The pioneer of physician consultation services.

The organization and development of MIST were a response to the needs of health professionals in Alabama, principally rural physicians, who expressed a desire to access the knowledge of the faculty at the UAB Medical Center. MIST provides free service on a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week basis for physicians around the world. At any time, practitioners can obtain specific medical information and discuss possible diagnoses or patient-related problems with UAB specialists. MIST, the first and largest medical professional telephone consultation program of its kind, receives numerous requests from other institutions seeking information and advice on developing similar programs. Such programs now exist in many states. One reason for the success of MIST is that it has always enjoyed high visibility with UAB physicians, credibility with the physician callers, and priority within UAB's Office of the Vice President for Health Affairs. As a consultative system, MIST continues to contribute to improved health care for citizens of Alabama and beyond and to save patients and taxpayers the expense of unnecessary or inappropriate treatment. MIST provides consultation and continuing education at the moment of need for the professional in private practice. In return, UAB specialists are given access to vital research and demographic information, as well as patient referrals. MIST plays an important role in removing barriers to education and consultation for busy medical personnel and in facilitating patient referrals to an acclaimed center of research and excellent patient care. Rather than searching for the proper contact, one call to an easy-to-remember number puts the health professional in touch with the appropriate source. Rural doctors, as well as medical personnel working in urban areas, can feel that they are practicing "right next door" to an outstanding university medical center where colleagues who are ready and able to offer expert consultation and support at the critical moment of need are only a telephone call away.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1978

Utilization of offender case information by "lenient" vs. "punitive" clinicians.

Presentence evaluations conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists (clinicians) and correctional counselors (caseworkers) were subjected to multiple regression analyses in order to specify the relative contribution of inmate characteristics (offense severity and recidivism probability) and decision-maker response biases to sentencing recommendations. Although both groups of decision-makers showed a response bias effect for cases that were difficult to discriminate, the effect was generally larger for clinicians than for caseworkers. Response bias (lenient vs. punitive) was not associated with type of clinical judgment model (linear vs. configural) or predictability of recommendation, although it was associated with the degree of relative weighting of the two independent variables and, in the case of extremely punitive decision-makers, with the tendency to utilize only one evaluative dimension (offense severity) to the exclusion of the other. Furthermore, it was found that inmates who committed the most serious offenses were exposed selectively to those decision-makers most likely both to place exclusive emphasis on offense severity and to recommend relatively punitive case dispositions. The need for an accountability system designed to minimize the effects of the response biases of correctional decision-makers was discussed.

California↗
PubMed1976

Personality patterns among correctional officer applicants.

The MMPI profiles of 359 correctional officer applicant were cluster analyzed, which resulted in the identification of five relatively homogeneous subgroups. While MMPI performance was not related to later events in the correctional careers of the Ss, certain similarities were noted between the officer group and two samples of inmates previously studied in a comparable fashion. In this respect, although the officers manifested generally lower profile elevations than inmates, configural similarities were noted between the average inmate and the officer profiles, and partial overlap was seen between the profile types identified in the two groups. The implications of the findings for occupationally adaptive and maladaptive correctional officer behavior were discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1975

Prisoner intellectual and personality correlates of offense severity and recidivism probability.

Multiple regression analyses were performed relating the severity of offense and probability of recidivism of 295 prison inmates to their performance on the MMPI and AGCT. The MMPI was found to be correlated with recidivism probability and the recidivism-related component of the Offense Severity variable, while AGCT IQ was found to be correlated with recidivism probability and the non-recidivism-related component of the Offense Severity variable. The implications for future research were discussed regarding this selective sensitivity of the MMPI to recidivism-related variables.

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMed1971

Cost-performance analysis of TWX-mediated interlibrary loans in a medium-sized medical center library.

The need for a cost-performance analysis of TWX-mediated versus mail-mediated ILL requests is presented. Three hypotheses are proposed: (1) Unit cost for TWX-mediated ILL requests is greater then for mail-mediated ILL requests; (2) Completion time is shorter for TWX-mediated ILL requests than for mail-mediated ILL requests; (3) An analytic model can be developed that can be used to generate administrative data concerning a TWX installation. The data presented support all three hypotheses. It is shown, also, that through the use of this model a library can arrive at a cost for service of TWX versus mail-mediated ILL.

Colorado↗