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Biomedical subjects

N Iazigi

Publications and source records attributed to N Iazigi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Short report: comparison of the effects of sublingual nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate on oesophageal emptying in patients with Chagasic achalasia.

The effects of sublingual nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate on oesophageal emptying were compared in 11 patients with Chagasic achalasia. The oesophageal emptying of a radiolabelled test meal was assessed three times in each patient by a scintigraphic technique. No treatment preceded one of the studies (basal study). Nifedipine (20 mg) by the sublingual route 30 min before the meal, preceded one study. Isosorbide dinitrate, 5 mg by the sublingual route 5 min before the meal, preceded the third study. The order of the studies was allocated randomly for each patient. Oesophageal retention at the completion of the meal was significantly less (P less than 0.01) after isosorbide dinitrate (median: 54%, range: 5-87%) than after sublingual nifedipine (median: 78%, range: 7-99%) or after the control study (median: 83%, range: 5-100%). This difference persisted up to 20 min after the meal. Values measured in the control study and after sublingual nifedipine were not different (P greater than 0.10). These results show that isosorbide dinitrate, but not sublingual nifedipine, enhances oesophageal emptying in Chagasic achalasia.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1992

Distribution and properties of endo-oligopeptidases A and B in the human neuroendocrine system.

The thiol activated endo-oligopeptidases A and B were studied in the soluble fraction of human hypothalamus and various endocrine glands. For the identification, characterization and purification of the enzymes, Z-Gly-Pro-NH-Np and bradykinin were used as substrates. Endo-oligopeptidase B showed a molecular mass ranging from 55.5 to 65.5 kDa and isoelectric point from 4.7 to 4.95. Its activity in tissues was highest in the testis, with intermediate levels in the thyroid, neurohypophysis, adenohypophysis and hypothalamus and the lowest activity in the pineal gland. Endo-oligopeptidase A, 467-fold purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, exhibited a molecular mass of 65.5 kDa in the adenohypophysis but 58.5 kDa in other tissues. The isoelectric point ranged from 5.22 to 5.50. High endo-oligopeptidase A activity was observed in the adenohypophysis, testis and hypothalamus with lesser activity in the neurohypophysis and thyroid and the lowest in the pineal gland. Endo-oligopeptidase A cleaved the bonds Phe-Ser of bradykinin, Met-Arg of BAM-12P and Arg-Arg of neurotensin as described for rabbit brain and heart and bovine brain enzymes. This work shows that endo-oligopeptidase A also hydrolysed the bonds Tyr-Gly of LH-releasing hormone, Pro-Phe of angiotensin I and Tyr-Ile of angiotensin II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Paracoccidioidomycosis assessed with 4 isotopic studies].

Paracoccidioidomycosis (south-american blastomycosis) is a consumptive granulomatous disease that is found in all Latin-America. The ethiological agent is a fungus (Paracoccidiosis brasiliensis) and mechanisms of disease transmission are not clear. Affection is frequent in the lungs, liver, spleen, ganglia, oropharynx and brain. Disease's response to therapy (Amphotericin, Ketoconazole) is good but recurrence is frequent. We have studied 12 patients with gallium-67, bone scintigraphy, bone marrow scintigraphy and lymph-scintigraphy. Six of these patients were re-studied after variable time of therapy. Gallium-67 accumulated in all patients's lungs. Other abnormal areas included ganglia, liver, spleen and bone. Bone scintigraphy was abnormal in all bone sites that were abnormal at the gallium study. Bone marrow scintigraphy showed expansion to the periphery in 6/12 cases and lymph nodes accumulated the radiopharmaceutical in 5 patients. Patients re-studied after the beginning of therapy presented decreased degrees or normalization of the radio-pharmaceutical's uptake (gallium and MDP), a regression of the bone marrow periphery expansion (bone marrow scintigraphy) and normalization of the lymph node aspects. These four radioisotopical studies may be useful for staging and for therapy follow-up. The sensitivity of the method is greater than the one noted for the conventional radiological studies.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1992

Scintigraphic study of the gastrointestinal transit of a liquid meal in patients with chronic Chagas' disease.

Gastric emptying and small bowel transit of a liquid meal (isotonic dextrose) were assessed by a scintigraphic technique in 16 patients with Chagas' disease involving the esophagus and/or the colon, including one case with mega-jejunum, and in 10 control subjects. Initial gastric emptying was faster in the Chagas' disease group than in controls (gastric retention at 15 min, median and (range): 52% (15-86) vs 71% (43-97), P < 0.01) although there was no significant difference in total gastric emptying (T1/2: 20 min (4-132) vs 31 min (13-280), P > 0.05). Both the front (time to reach the proximal small bowel: 2.5 min (2.5-8) vs 15 min (5-40), P < 0.01) and the bulk of the meal (geometric center values at 15 min: 1.8 (1.2-2.4) vs 1.6 (1.2-1.8), P < 0.05) travelled faster through the proximal small bowel in Chagas' disease patients than in control subjects. There was no difference between the two groups concerning the time taken by the front of the meal to arrive to the caecum (110 min (15-180) vs 90 min (60-140), P > 0.20), but a precise delineation of this region was possible in only less than half of the patients and controls. In the patient with mega-jejunum, a remarkable delay in the intestinal progression of the liquid meal was found. These results suggest that the diffuse lesion of the enteric nervous system in chronic Chagas' disease mainly affects the control of gastric emptying and leads to accelerated proximal small bowel transit of a liquid meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Peripheral glucose metabolism in human hyperthyroidism.

The present study was designed to determine the effect of spontaneous hyperthyroidism on the forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Ten normal subjects and 11 hyperthyroid patients were studied after an overnight fast (12-14 h) and for 3 h after ingestion of 75 g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. Increased forearm glucose uptake was observed in the hyperthyroid patients compared to that in the normal subjects (1286 +/- 212 vs. 677 +/- 88 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h) with enhanced glucose oxidation (443 +/- 40 vs. 147 +/- 29 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Nonoxidative glucose metabolism was also greater in hyperthyroid patients than in normal subjects (842 +/- 234 vs. 529 +/- 90 mumol/100 mL forearm.3 h). Basal serum FFA levels were significantly higher in hyperthyroid than in normal subjects (0.252 +/- 0.025 vs. 0.182 +/- 0.022 g/L), as were the basal lipid oxidation rates in the forearm muscles of the thyrotoxic individuals (0.290 +/- 0.066 vs. 0.088 +/- 0.016 mg/100 mL forearm.min). After glucose ingestion, serum FFA levels and lipid oxidation rates declined significantly to equivalent values in both groups of subjects, and the similar basal insulin concentrations increased to significantly higher levels in the hyperthyroid patients. In conclusion, spontaneous human hyperthyroidism increases glucose uptake by the forearm muscles in the postabsorptive state and during an oral glucose challenge, with augmented fluxes of glucose through the oxidative and nonoxidative pathways.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Spermatogenic and steroidogenic testicular function in hypothyroid pubertal rats.

The reproductive system of immature rats is held to be more influenced by thyroid dysfunction than that of adult animals. The effect of hypothyroidism on the spermatogenic process of the rat has not been reported previously. The objective of the present study was to investigate the spermatogenic and steroidogenic functions of pubertal hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by ad libitum ingestion of a 0.05% solution of propylthiouracil for 60 days, and confirmed by reduced plasma thyroxine levels in treated rats. Plasma testosterone level, the histological features of the testis and cauda epididymis and the concentration of spermatozoa stored in the cauda epididymis were unchanged by hypothyroidism.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Ventricular function in mitral valve prolapse: effects of beta adrenergic blockers with and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity].

A corollary of the "cardiomyopathy therapy" implies that mitral valve prolapse may cause intrinsic myocardial depression. The impairment of ventricular function may not be detected in basal conditions, but could be unmasked by superimposing depressant factors. The use of beta-blockers constitutes the first choice treatment for the symptomatic management of patients with mitral valve prolapse. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that myocardial depression could be shown during beta-blockade in the uncomplicated primary form of mitral valve prolapse. The results of echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic evaluation of left ventricular function during basal conditions, as well as under beta-blockade with propranolol and pindolol, do not lend support to the cardiomyopathy hypothesis of the pathogenesis of primary mitral valve prolapse. However, significant decreases of heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction and peak velocity of left ventricular systolic emptying were seen with propranolol, but not with pindolol. Beta-blockade with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may be preferable therapeutic option for patients with mitral valve prolapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Duodenogastric reflux in Chagas' disease.

Increased duodenogastric reflux has been recognized as a cause of gastric mucosa damage. The frequent finding of bile-stained gastric juice and a suggested higher frequency of lesions of the gastric mucosa in patients with Chagas' disease, which is characterized by a marked reduction of myenteric neurons, suggest that impairment of intrinsic innervation of the gut might be associated with increased duodenogastric reflux. Duodenogastric bile reflux was quantified after intravenous injection of 99mtechnetium-HIDA, in 18 patients with chronic Chagas' disease, 12 controls, and 7 patients with Billroth II gastrectomy. All but one of the chagasic patients were submitted to upper digestive tract endoscopy. High reflux values (greater than or equal to 10%) were detected both in chagasic patients and in the controls, but the values for both groups were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those obtained for Billroth II patients (median: 55.79%; range: 12.58-87.22%). Reflux values tended to be higher in the Chagas' disease group (median: 8.20%; range: 0.0-29.40%) than in the control group (median: 3.20%; range: 0.0-30.64%), with no statistical difference between the two groups (P greater than 0.10). Chronic gastritis was detected by endoscopy in 12 chagasic patients, benign gastric ulcer in 2 patients, and a pool of bile in the stomach in 11 patients. However, neither the occurrence of gastric lesions nor the finding of bile-stained gastric juice was associated with high reflux values after [99mTc]HIDA injection. This study suggests that lesions of the intramural nervous system of the gut in Chagas' disease do not appear to be associated with abnormally increased duodenogastric reflux.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of low-dose naloxone infusion on plasma ACTH and LH in patients with Cushing's and Addison's diseases.

The ACTH, cortisol and LH responses to low dose (0.8 mg/h) naloxone 90 min infusion were investigated in seven patients with untreated Cushing's disease, six patients with Addison's disease and four control subjects. Naloxone had no effects on ACTH hypersecretion or normal ACTH levels. These data confirm that naloxone cannot provide additional diagnostic or therapeutic approaches in ACTH hypersecretion syndromes, mainly in Cushing's disease. The mean percentage LH levels did not significantly change during low dose naloxone in controls or patients with Cushing's and Addison's diseases. This suggests that increased endogenous opioid peptides in these diseases may not modify the LH responses to low dose of naloxone. However, since three of five adults with Cushing's disease had increased LH levels during naloxone, further studies may be indicated.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1988

Effect of test meal temperature on the gastric emptying of liquids.

The effect of test meal temperature on the gastric emptying of 500 ml of 5% dextrose containing 12 MBq of 99mTechnetium-sulfur colloid was studied in eight healthy volunteers using a quantitative scintigraphic technique. Four different temperatures, 4, 20, 37 and 55 degrees C, were investigated in random order. Gastric emptying of the test meal at each temperature was mono-exponential and measurable as a half-life. The half-life of the meal at 20 degrees C (median, 35.6 min; range, 21.7-62.6 min) did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.10) from that obtained at 37 degrees C (median, 34.3 min; range, 20.1-60.5 min). In comparison to 37 degrees C, the half-life was longer for meals at 4 degrees C (median, 48.9 min; range, 20.9-77.5 min) and at 55 degrees C (median, 60.7 min; range, 33.5-79.0 min) although statistically different only at 55 degrees C (P less than 0.01). These results confirm the view that liquid meals, colder or warmer than body temperature have an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying and show that a significant delay in gastric emptying of liquids is obtained only with a warmer meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The role of the autonomic nervous system in the resting tachycardia of human hyperthyroidism.

The mechanisms that control resting heart rate in hyperthyroidism were evaluated in six patients before and after treatment with propylthiouracil. The patients were subjected to pharmacological blockade under resting conditions in two experimental sessions: first session, propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight); second session, atropine (0.04 mg/kg body weight) followed by propranolol (0.2 mg/kg body weight). All drugs were administered intravenously. Resting heart rate was significantly reduced from 100 +/- 6.5 beats/min to 72 +/- 2.5 beats/min (P less than 0.005) after clinical and laboratory control of the disease. After double blockade, intrinsic heart rate was reduced from 105 +/- 6.8 beats/min before treatment to 98 +/- 6.0 beats/min after treatment (P less than 0.025). The reduction in heart rate caused by propranolol was not significantly different before (-13 +/- 1.4 beats/min) and after (-9 +/- 1.0 beats/min) propylthiouracil. In contrast, atropine induced a higher elevation of heart rate after treatment (45 +/- 8.6 beats/min) than before treatment (26 +/- 4.0 beats/min). The present results suggest no appreciable participation of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system in the tachycardia of hyperthyroidism, at least under the conditions of the present study. The small change observed in intrinsic heart rate, although significant, seems to indicate that this is not the most important mechanism involved in this tachycardia. Our results suggest that an important reduction in the efferent activity of the parasympathetic component participates in the mechanisms that modify resting heart rte in hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multiple pulmonary thromboembolism diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography.

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea, orthopnea and hemoptysis. Two-dimensional echocardiography multiple echo-dense images 1-4 mm in diameter were consistently seen crossing the tricuspid valve. A hypothesis of multiple pulmonary thromboembolism was raised. Clinical and postmortem evidence were later obtained to confirm this diagnosis.

Echocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst simulating thyroid nodule].

A parathyroid cyst is a rare disease. A 48 year old man with a nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst is described. The cyst was initially misdiagnosed and taken for a thyroid cyst based on physical examination, thyroid scan, sonography and needle biopsy. Cervical exploration was performed due to the recurrence of the lesion. The cyst was resected and histology showed it to be a parathyroid cyst. Pre and post operative clinical aspects are discussed.

Cysts↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of isosorbide dinitrate on esophageal emptying in chagasic megaesophagus].

The effect of 5 mg of sublingual dinitrate isosorbide (DNI) on the esophageal emptying of a semi-solid test meal labeled with 99mTc-sulfur colloid was studied by a scintigraphic technique in 18 chagasic patients with megaesophagus. DNI significantly reduced the esophageal retention measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after the end of the test meal ingestion. Five minutes after the meal not preceded by DNI the esophageal retention was always higher than 10% whilst 5 minutes after the meal preceded by DNI the retention was lower than 10% in 10 patients. These results indicate that DNI may be useful to reduce esophageal retention in chagasic megaesophagus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Type 2 diabetic patients in a population sample from Ribeirão Preto area (São Paulo)].

To characterize the prevalence of long term diabetic complications (macroangiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and their possible relation to the degree of metabolic control and duration of diabetes, we studied a hospital-based brazilian population sample of 546 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. The group was subjected to a standardized evaluation protocol, including clinical characterization of the patients and their disease, current therapy, degree of metabolic control and presence of diabetic complications. The studied sample is of adult age range (25 to 84 years), with mean duration of diabetes of 8.0 +/- 6.8 years. Obesity was observed in 72.6% of the group and 232 patients (43.3%) had diabetics among their relatives. 92 (18.4%) patients have been treated with diet only, whereas 170 (32.6%) also used oral hypoglycemic agents, and 226 (43.7%) were using NPH insulin therapy (81.4% with single daily dose). The mean annual levels of fasting blood glucose (187 +/- 68mg/dl), urine glucose (9.6 +/- 16.7g/day) and glycosylated hemoglobin (12.2 +/- 3.3%) of the group, permitted a classification of the patients in: a) good metabolic control (106 pat. = 19.4%); b) regular control (264 pat. = 48.4%) and c) poor metabolic control (176 pat. = 32.2%). The prevalences of microvascular and neuropathic complications was: retinopathy = 29.1%, nephropathy = 11.3% and neuropathy = 50.9%. The observed increase in the prevalence of the complications was progressive according to the duration of the diabetes. In all time intervals of duration of diabetes, neuropathy was the most frequently observed complication. The prevalence of complications was always higher in the poorly controlled group compared to the patients in good metabolic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗