Vocal rehabilitation after laryngectomy, using esophageal speech, may be achieved by any patient who can swallow and who has good hearing, provided he is psychologically prepared before operation and begins trying to learn soon after operation.A patient passes through the early postoperative period much more easily if he knows that within a few short weeks a useful method of communication can be learned. Instruction by a person who has had laryngectomy has psychic as well as didactic advantages.

Communication↗

PubMed1949

Laryngeal granulomata following intratracheal anesthesia.

Laryngeal granulomata are a not infrequent complication of intratracheal anesthesia. The lesions develop as a result of laryngeal trauma, are almost always posterior, are frequently bilateral, and are more likely to occur as a result of pernasal blind tracheal catheterization. They may take two to four months to develop and are to be suspected in any instance of postoperative vocal disturbance. The treatment of choice is removal under direct laryngoscopy.

Anesthesia↗