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Biomedical subjects

N Jenkins

Publications and source records attributed to N Jenkins.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The insulin and glucose response to an oral glucose load in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the young.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes with age of onset under 35 years was studied in 85 Indian patients eighty-one per cent of the group were females, the mean age of onset of diabetes was 27 years while the mean duration was 6.3 years. the mean percentage desirable mass of the patients was 112%, obesity being present in 55% of the group. Eighty-two per cent of patients gave a positive family history; closer analysis revealed that 75% of the propositi had a diabetic parent and 41% a diabetic sibling; while three-generation transmission was present in 7%. Eighty-one patients consented to a 100 g oral glucose load. The insulin and glucose response during a 3-hour period revealed fasting hyperinsulinism with a delayed and attenuated insulin response, a much lower insulin area and higher glucose ares, a lower insulin-glucose ratio and a lower modified Seltzer insulinogenic index when compared with 50 non-diabetic reference subjects. There was no difference in insulin and glucose responses in obese and non-obese diabetics. However, subdivision of the group into those with moderate and those with severe diabetes demonstrated that the latter had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and lower insulin levels at all times, except in the fasting state, during which the insulin levels were not significantly different.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of contraceptive steroids on serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin and caeruloplasmin.

Serum sex hormone binding globulin and caeruloplasmin levels were measured in women receiving 30 microgram or 50 microgram ethinyl oestradiol daily or a 'triphasic' formulation containing ethinyl oestradiol and levonorgestrel. In women taking ethinyl oestradiol alone, there was a rapid increase in the levels of both proteins, and even 10 days after the last tablet the levels were still elevated. There was no significant difference between the serum levels of the proteins in women receiving the two doses of ethinyl oestradiol, but the percentage change was significantly higher in the 50 microgram group than in the 30 microgram group. In women using the 'triphasic' formulation, levels of the proteins were significantly lower than in women taking ethinyl oestradiol alone. There was a marked variation between women in the changes produced. This marked inter-subject variation may be important in the development of side-effects in women using steroidal contraceptives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of synthetic mammalian gonadotrophin releasing hormone and dogfish hypothalamic extracts on levels of androgens and oestradiol in the circulation of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.).

Intravenous injection of synthetic mammalian gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH; 5 microgram per fish) induced a significant increase in androgen levels in the circulation of male dogfish within 4 h. Female dogfish injected with 10 microgram GnRN in November showed significantly raised plasma levels of androgens and oestradiol-17 beta after 90 min as well as an increase in the rat of oviposition. Twice this dose of GnRH failed to produce significant increases in plasma levels of oestradiol in female dogfish in February and the androgen response in these animals was less than that seen after injection of GnRH in November. Injection of an acid extract of dogfish hypothalamus significantly increased plasma levels of androgen and oestradiol in female fish when they were compared with control fish injected with extracts of dogfish cerebellum and the latency of response was similar to that encountered when GnRH was injected. It was concluded that the dogfish hypothalamus contains a factor capable of increasing plasma sex steroid levels in the same species and which is similar in its effects to mammalian GnRH.

Androgens↗
PubMed1977

Methods for the study of antidiarrheal agents. Study of commonly used protective and adsorbent agents.

Several agents were employed to induce diarrhea in squirrel monkeys: (1) diarrhaogenic diets, (2) various doses of cholera toxin, (3) prostaglandin derivatives, (4) bile, (5) lactulose, (6) phenolphthalein, (7) castor oil. Kaolin, pectin, Kaopectate and placebo were used as antidiarrheal treatment. Evaluation was based on (a) frequency, (b) consistency, (c) total and dry weight of the stools, and (d) electrolyte loss. The spectrum of procedures employed appeared to be suitable for the evaluation of antidiarrheal agents of the protective and adsorbent class.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

In vitro translation of oogenetic messenger RNA of sea urchin eggs and picornavirus RNA with a cell-free system from sarcoma 180.

A cell-free protein-synthesizing system prepared from mouse sarcoma 180 was characterized by use of RNA from mengo virus and sea urchin egg. In the presence of exogenous mammalian transfer RNA, total sea urchin egg RNA and mengo RNA direct incorporation of [(3)H]leucine into acid-insoluble material. The system is extremely efficient in that a stimulation of 100-times over background can be obtained. Studies with formylmethionyl-transfer RNA, as well as with inhibitors of initiation, indicate that multiple initiation occurs; further, 85-90% of all chains made in vitro are subsequently released from ribosomes. An average translation time of 3.5 min was determined with messenger RNA of sea urchin egg, and product analysis indicates that high-molecular-weight products (greater than 50,000 molecular weight) are being made in vitro. Sequences of sea urchin egg RNA containing poly(A) act as messenger RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Proteolytic enzyme preparation from Pseudomonas fragi: its action on pig muscle.

An extracellular preparation from Pseudomonas fragi with proteolytic enzyme activity was isolated, and its action on meat proteins and meat protein ultrastructure was studied. First, a suitable growth medium for proteolytic enzyme production was determined, and a method for partial purification of the proteolytically active fraction was developed. The enzyme preparation displayed optimal proteolytic activity at neutral pH and 35 C. Proteolytic activity was irreversibly lost by mild heat treatment. The enzyme preparation was tested for its ability to hydrolyze isolated pig muscle proteins. Myofibrillar protein was rapidly degraded, G-actin and myosin were broken down at a slower rate, and the sarcoplasmic proteins were least susceptible to hydrolysis. Electron micrographs of pork muscle showed that the proteolytic enzyme preparation caused a complete loss of dense material from the Z line. Similarities are discussed between the action of P. fragi extracellular proteolytic enzyme(s) on meat and normal bacterial spoilage of meat.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The internal review process: implications for the novice clinical researcher.

The purpose of this article, directed at first-time clinical researchers, is to describe the internal review board process of one clinical research facility and to provide an example of its protocols for conducting clinical research. After a brief history depicting the need for Internal Review Boards, the review process itself, is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the patient's medical/legal rights and safety. Equipped with an understanding of why the review process is necessary and with examples of the review board criteria, the nurse researcher has the tools to begin the research project.

Clinical Nursing Research↗