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Biomedical subjects

N K Desai

Publications and source records attributed to N K Desai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Regulation of no synthesis induced by inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells: collagen prevents inhibition by osteopontin.

Osteopontin has been shown to inhibit the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, or NOS2) by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma in the RAW264.7 mouse monocyte/macrophage line and in primary mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells. However, the RAW264.7 cells become refractory to the action of OPN after several subcultures or under dilute culture conditions, possibly because of changes in the composition of the extracellular matrix. We make this suggestion because if the cells are plated on a collagen type I or collagen type IV substrate the inhibitory action of OPN is completely suppressed; this is not the case on substrates consisting of laminin, fibronectin, poly-D-lysine, or poly-(2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate). These observations imply that macrophages are sensitive to regulation by OPN only in certain physiological contexts. Both hyaluronate, which binds CD44, and rat IgGs are also able to inhibit the induction of NO synthesis by the inflammatory mediators. The similar actions of HA and OPN are consistent with the possibility that CD44 may be a receptor for OPN.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Comparative study of platelet histamine and serotonin with their corresponding plasma oxidases in asthmatics with normals.

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is well controllable but non-curable disease. Exact pathophysiology involved is unresolved till today. Role of allergic hypersensitivity reaction in asthmatic on-set is well established. Present work is an effort to elucidate some basic points of unresolved pathophysiology of asthma taking platelets as marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 52 normal human subjects in the age group of 20-60 years were studied for platelet histamine and serotonin levels and also for their plasma metabolising enzymes diamine oxidase (DAO) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). The data was collected for 79 asthmatic patients at different stages of asthma and accordingly were studied as four different groups of seventy nine asthmatics those were on regular treatment and were comfortable with drugs and were free from symptomatic attack formed gr. I; these (79) patients were followed-up during their symptomatic phase (gr. II) and same (79) patients immediately after their recovery from symptomatic stage studied as gr. III members. All the 79 asthmatic patients fall in gr. I, II and III in a serial manner i.e. all (n = 79) in each group. A separate group of thirty seven patients with known history of asthma but were symptom free and also off drugs for last 2-4 years formed gr. IV. RESULTS: Results showed mean platelet count in asthmatics at all four stages were in the normal range but were slightly low in comparison with normals. Both the enzymatic levels (DAO and MAO) in gr. I, II and III were significantly higher than normals but were same in the case of gr. IV patients. Low levels of platelet biogenic amines were observed in asthmatics (gr. I to gr. IV) than normals. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, study parameters showed significant difference in asthmatics and normals. Findings of the study have been utilized to understand unanswered hypersensitivity shown by the asthmatics over normal individuals (non-asthmatics).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of serum lipids in patients of acute stroke.

Stroke, though considered a thromboembolic disorder, is known to be associated with hyperlipidaemia. In Western country, some workers have performed studies exploring the role of lipids in stroke in their country. Such a study is lacking in Indian population. This study was therefore conducted to observe the role of lipids in stroke by evaluating 13 parameters of lipids in 48 patients of non haemorrhagic cerebral stroke hospitalised in acute condition and compared with those of 70 age matched normal subjects. Results revealed that phospholipids and arachidonic acid were significantly altered in patients of acute stroke.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Can we do away with PTBD?

Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD) is performed in surgical jaundice to decompress the biliary tree and improve hepatic functions. However, the risk of sepsis is high in these patients due to immunosuppression and surgical outcome remains poor. This raises a question--can we do away with PTBD? To answer this query a study was carried out in 4 groups of patients bearing in mind the high incidence of sepsis and our earlier studies, which have demonstrated immunotherapeutic potential of Tinospora cordifolia (TC): (A) those undergoing surgery without PTBD (n = 14), (B) those undergoing surgery after PTBD (n = 13). The mortality was 57.14% in Group A as compared to 61.54% in Group B. Serial estimations of bilirubin levels carried out during the course of drainage (3 Wks) revealed a gradual and significant decrease from 12.52 +/- 8.3 mg% to 5.85 +/- 3.0 mg%. Antipyrine half-life did not change significantly (18.35 +/- 4.2 hrs compared to basal values 21.96 +/- 3.78 hrs). The phagocytic and intracellular killing (ICK) capacities of PMN remained suppressed (Basal: 22.13 +/- 3.68% phago. and 19.1 +/- 4.49% ICK; Post drainage: 20 +/- 8.48% Phago and 11.15 +/- 3.05% ICK). Thus PTBD did not improve the metabolic capacity of the liver and mortality was higher due to sepsis. Group (C) patients received TC during PTBD (n = 16) and Group (D) patients received TC without PTBD (n = 14). A significant improvement in PMN functions occurred by 3 weeks in both groups (30.29 +/- 4.68% phago, 30 +/- 4.84% ICK in Group C and 30.4 +/- 2.99% phago, 27.15 +/- 6.19% ICK in Group D). The mortality in Groups C and D was 25% and 14.2% respectively during the preoperative period. There was no mortality after surgery. It appears from this study that host defenses as reflected by PMN functions play an important role in influencing prognosis. Further decompression of the biliary tree by PTBD seems unwarranted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effect of gugulipid on bioavailability of diltiazem and propranolol.

The effect of single oral dose of 1 gm gugulipid was studied on bioavailability of single oral dose of propranolol (40 mg) and diltiazem (60 mg) in 10 and 7 normal healthy male volunteers respectively. It was a randomised within group crossover study. Blood samples were collected at hourly intervals upto 8 hrs. Gugulipid significantly reduced (P < .01) peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC 0-8 hrs) of both the drugs in normal volunteers. Such interaction in patients receiving propanolol or diltiazem with gugulipid may lead to diminished efficacy or nonresponsiveness due to significant reduction in bioavailability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Immunotherapy with Tinospora cordifolia: a new lead in the management of obstructive jaundice.

OBJECTIVE: Immunosuppression associated with deranged hepatic function and sepsis results in poor surgical outcome in extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. The effect of an ayurvedic agent, Tinospora cordifolia (TC), which has been shown to have hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties in experimental studies, on surgical outcome in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice was evaluated. METHODS: Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups, matched with respect to clinical features, impairment of hepatic function (as judged by liver function tests including antipyrine elimination) and immunosuppression (phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils). Group I received conventional management, ie vitamin K, antibiotics and biliary drainage; Group II received Tinospora cordifolia (16 mg/kg/day orally) in addition, during the period of biliary drainage. RESULTS: Hepatic function remained comparable in the two groups after drainage. However, the phagocytic and killing capacities of neutrophils normalized only in patients receiving Tinospora cordifolia (28.2 +/- 5.5% and 29.47 +/- 6.5% respectively). Post-drainage bactobilia was observed in 8 patients in Group I and 7 in Group II, but clinical evidence of septicemia was observed in 50% of patients in Group I as against none in Group II (p < 0.05). Post-operative survival in Groups I and II was 40% and 92.4% respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Tinospora cordifolia appears to improve surgical outcome by strengthening host defenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Antipyrine and doxycycline pharmacokinetics in patients with thyroid disorders.

Pathological conditions are known to affect pharmacokinetics of many drugs. Antipyrine half-life is used as a marker of liver microsomal enzyme function. Antipyrine pharmacokinetics, therefore, was investigated in 23 thyrotoxic and 11 euthyroid goitre patients. Of these, 11 thyrotoxic and 9 euthyroid goitre patients also participated in doxycycline bioavailability studies. In thyrotoxic patients, antipyrine half-life and AUCo infinity and doxycycline Cpmax and AUCo infinity were found to be reduced as compared to those of healthy euthyroid normal subjects. Following treatment of thyrotoxicosis, the antipyrine half-life and AUCo infinity returned to normal. Doxycycline AUCo infinity returned to near normal range but Cpmax did not.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Antipyrine clearance: prognostic marker for obstructive jaundice.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine prognostic markers for patients with obstructive jaundice. Along with routine liver function tests, antipyrine clearance was determined in 20 patients. Four patients died after basal investigations. Five patients underwent definitive surgery. The remaining 11 patients were subjected to percutaneous transhepatic biliary decompression. Four patients died during the drainage period, while surgery was carried out for seven patients within 1-3 weeks of drainage. Of 20 patients, only six patients survived. Basal liver function tests were comparable in survivors and nonsurvivors. Discriminant analysis of the basal data revealed that plasma bilirubin, proteins and antipyrine half-life taken together had a strong association with mortality. A mathematical equation was derived using these variables and a score was computed for each patient. It was observed that a score value greater than or equal to 0.84 indicated survival. Omission of antipyrine half-life from the data, however, resulted in prediction of false security in 55% of patients. This study highlights the importance of addition of antipyrine elimination test to the routine liver function tests for precise identification of high risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Suitability of laboratory animals for screening anti-hyperlipidemic agents.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the lipid profiles of various laboratory animals to that of human beings. The human subjects and animals included in the study were from three age groups based on key physiological states. A record of the usual dietary constituents and their daily consumption was maintained. The results indicated that the lipid profile of pigs and dogs bears similarity to that of human beings. Results also revealed that lipid profile was labile in the second group of these animals indicating that this age is suitable to bring about the required changes to produce a hyperlipidemic animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Influence of menstrual cycle on antipyrine pharmacokinetics in healthy Indian female volunteers.

The effect of the menstrual cycle on antipyrine pharmacokinetics was studied in 11 normal, healthy Indian female volunteers. Antipyrine half-life, apparent volume of distribution, clearance and AUC were calculated by standard methods. Results indicated that in females, antipyrine half-life was significantly longer on day 5 as compared with that on days 15 and 21 of the menstrual cycle. It appears that hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal healthy females.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Head-down tilt as a physiological diuretic in normal controls and in patients with fluid-retaining states.

The effect of the sitting, supine, supine with legs elevated 10 degrees, and 10 degrees head-down tilt postures on renal fluid and electrolyte handling was investigated in 14 patients with hypoalbuminaemic fluid-retaining states and in 14 normal individuals. Basal (sitting) urine volume, creatinine clearance, and urinary electrolyte levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls. In patients the values of these variables increased progressively from the sitting to the supine to the legs elevated to the head-down postures. The percentage rise was higher in patients than in controls, to the extent that, in the head-low position, only creatinine clearance values remained lower in patients than in controls. The head-down posture acts as a physiological diuretic, enhancing diuresis by improving renal function in normal individuals and in patients with ascites and oedema due to hypoalbuminaemia; it also corrects the abnormal fluid and sodium retention in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of pectin and kaolin on bioavailability of co-trimoxazole suspension.

Bioavailability of co-trimoxazole suspension was determined with and without concurrent administration of pectin and kaolin in 8 volunteers. Twenty ml suspension of co-trimoxazole containing 160 mg trimethoprim (TMP) and 800 mg sulphamethoxazole (SMX) and co-trimoxazole suspension along with 20 ml of pectin-kaolin suspension were administered in a random order with 7 days interval. Plasma estimation of trimethoprim and sulphonamide was carried out at serial intervals. Area under curve (AUC) and Cmax of TMP were significantly higher when co-trimoxazole suspension alone was used. No statistically significant changes were observed in case of sulphamethoxazole. Clinical study is necessary to verify whether concurrent administration of co-trimoxazole and pectin-kaolin leads to loss of antibacterial efficacy.

Adult↗