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Biomedical subjects

N Kaur

Publications and source records attributed to N Kaur.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Direct thrombin inhibitors: pharmacology and clinical relevance.

Although heparin has been a cornerstone of treatment for the prevention of thrombosis, it is limited by its adverse effects and unpredictable bioavailability. Direct thrombin inhibitors are a novel class of drugs that have been developed as an effective alternative mode of anticoagulation in patients who suffer from heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia, and for the management of thromboembolic disorders and acute coronary syndromes. The main disadvantages of the direct thrombin inhibitors are the lack of an antidote or readily available clinical monitoring. The mechanism of action, the properties of direct thrombin inhibitors and their potential to replace currently available anticoagulants are reviewed.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosis of tubular colonic duplication by barium follow-through study.

Barium enema studies are considered essential for the diagnosis of tubular colonic duplication with opacification of two colons being the diagnostic sign. Yet in certain cases, barium enema apparently does not show positive findings. A case is reported in which a barium follow-through study established the complete diagnosis of duplication of colon and terminal ileum. The findings were confirmed on laparotomy.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed2005

Inducers of oxidative stress block ciliary neurotrophic factor activation of Jak/STAT signaling in neurons.

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the accumulation of oxidative damage has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease and in the degradation of nervous system function with age. Here we report that ROS inhibit the activity of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in nerve cells. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as a generator of ROS inhibited CNTF-mediated Jak/STAT signaling in all cultured nerve cells tested, including chick ciliary ganglion neurons, chick neural retina, HMN-1 motor neuron hybrid cells, and SH-SY5Y and BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells. H(2)O(2) treatment of non-neuronal cells, chick skeletal muscle and HepG2 hepatoma cells, did not inhibit Jak/STAT signaling. The H(2)O(2) block of CNTF activity was seen at concentrations as low as 0.1 mm and within 15 min, and was reversible upon removal of H(2)O(2) from the medium. Also, two other mediators of oxidative stress, nitric oxide and rotenone, inhibited CNTF signaling. Treatment of neurons with H(2)O(2) and rotenone also inhibited interferon-gamma-mediated activation of Jak/STAT1. Depleting the intracellular stores of reduced glutathione by treatment of BE(2)-C cells with nitrofurantoin inhibited CNTF activity, whereas addition of reduced glutathione protected cells from the effects of H(2)O(2). These results suggest that disruption of neurotrophic factor signaling by mediators of oxidative stress may contribute to the neuronal damage observed in neurodegenerative diseases and significantly affect the utility of CNTF-like factors as therapeutic agents in preventing nerve cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Three-legged pair of pants anastomosis: a rare technique for renal transplantation.

Because of the shortage of donors, kidneys previously judged to be unsuitable are now accepted for transplantation. Successful engraftment of kidneys with multiple renal arteries is one of the challenges and requires meticulous vascular surgical technique. In one of our case of renal allograft with three renal arteries, we created a single lumen by suturing three arteries together, like a three-legged pair of pants. The end of the single lumen was anastomesed to the side of external iliac artery. There was brisk diuresis on table after transplantation. Postoperatively, the patient had an uneventful course and normal graft function.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

Quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the blood of adult liver transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: Posttransplant lymphoproliferation is most often observed in pediatric transplant recipients who experience primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection at the time of or after transplantation. Lymphoproliferation is believed to be caused by impaired control of EBV-infected cells, which may be of recipient or donor origin. Most studies of EBV infection and lymphoproliferation have focused on the pediatric age group. METHODS: We have undertaken a prospective study of EBV infection in adult liver transplant recipients. Sequentially collected peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined with a recently developed quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. The assay quantitates EBV DNA genomic titre over a 5 log10 range. RESULTS: Compared with healthy EBV seropositive people not undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, blood EBV DNA titre is elevated in patients with liver disease before transplantation. Overall, highest titres were observed during the first posttransplant month, and in the context of antilymphocyte therapy. In one patient, lymphoproliferation was associated with high titres which fell during reduction of immunosuppressive therapy. In another patient with lymphoproliferation of donor lymphocyte origin, blood EBV DNA titre was not as high. CONCLUSIONS: EBV proliferation is seen in the context of advanced liver disease and after liver transplantation. EBV DNA quantitation is a useful tool to examine the effects of immunosuppression on EBV-associated lymphoproliferation, and may be an essential technique for programs exploring the merits of EBV adoptive immunotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Ontogenic changes in enzymes of carbon metabolism in relation to carbohydrate status in developing mungbean reproductive structures.

The content of free sugars and the activities of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism-sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, malic enzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase were determined during seed development in mungbean pods. A decrease in carbohydrate content of pod wall from 10 to 25 days after flowering (DAF) and a concomitant increase in the seed till 20 DAF was observed. Sucrose remained the dominant soluble sugar in the pod wall and seed. In the branch of inflorescence and pod wall, the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes, viz. acid and alkaline invertase, sucrose synthase (synthesis and cleavage) and sucrose phosphate synthase were higher at 5-10 DAF, whereas in seed the maximum activities of these enzymes were observed at the time of maximum seed filling stage (10-20 DAF). High activities of sucrose synthase at the time of rapid seed filling can be correlated to its sink strength. Higher activities of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase in the branch of inflorescence and pod wall than in seed may indicate the involvement of the fruiting structure for recapturing respired CO2. High activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in the seed at the time of rapid seed filling could provide NADPH and carbon skeletons required for the synthesis of various seed reserves.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗
PubMed1999

Antinociceptive effect of gabapentin in the formalin test.

Gabapentin is an adjunctive drug for the treatment of resistant partial seizures. The antinociceptive effect of this drug was assessed by using the formalin pain test in rats. Although low dose gabapentin (10 mg/kg s.c.) was unable to alter pain scores, higher doses (30 and 90 mg/kg s.c.) significantly reduced them. Results suggest that gabapentin may modulate the pain perception produced by chemical irritants like formalin in rats.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA stability by polyunsaturated fatty acids in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The effects of arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) and other fatty acids on the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene 1 were investigated in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with arachidonic acid resulted in a decrease in stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) enzyme activity and scd1 mRNA. Arachidonic acid did not alter the transcription of the scd1 gene, whereas the half-life of the scd1 mRNA was reduced from 25.1 to 8.5 h. Blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to eicosanoids by pretreatment of the cells with cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, or cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase inhibitors did not reverse the inhibition caused by arachidonic acid, indicating that eicosanoid synthesis is not necessary for the repression of scd1 mRNA expression. Treatment of adipocytes with linoleic (18:2, n-6) and linolenic (18:3, n-3) acids also resulted in inhibition of scd1 mRNA accumulation. By contrast, oleic acid (18:1, n-9) and stearic acid (18:0) had no effect on scd1 mRNA levels. Taken together, these results suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids repress the expression of the scd1 gene in mature adipocytes by reducing the stability of scd1 mRNA.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1994

Factors influencing survival in esophageal atresia.

There is little published literature from the third World countries that described the factors influencing survival of babies with esophageal atresia. We analysed 25 consecutive neonates treated for esophageal atresia. The overall survival rate was 36%. All 4 babies in Waterston Group A, 37.5% in Group B, and 15.4% in Group C survived. All 9 preterm babies died. Only 2 of the 16 babies who had pre-operative chest infection survived. The mean delay in diagnosis was 54 h in outborn babies and 20 h in hospital-born babies. We believe that a survival rate of 40% is easily achieved with minimum infrastructural inputs. Simple methods and practices that would vastly improve operative results have been suggested.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1991

Cryptosporidiosis in north Indian children.

Stool samples of 100 children (below 2 years of age) with acute diarrhea as study group and 50 non-diarrheal stools of children (age and sex matched) as control were examined for parasites. The samples were processed and examined by direct wet mounts, concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The prevalence of cryptosporidium was 5.0% in the study group while none of the controlled samples showed it. In all cryptosporidium positive cases, no other bacterial or parasitic pathogen could be detected. Diarrhea persisted for 6-16 days and was moderate resulting in dehydration, which was rapidly corrected by oral/or intravenous fluids. Out of 5 cryptosporidium positive children 4 were breast-fed while 1 received bottle feeding. Only one positive case had contact with petdog.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Production, thermal stability and immobilisation of inulinase from Fusarium oxysporum.

Fusarium oxysporum produced maximum extracellular inulinase after 9 days of its growth at 25 degrees C on a medium (pH 5.5) containing 3% fructan and 0.2% sodium nitrate. The level of this enzyme decreased on the addition of either glucose, fructose, galactose or sucrose to F. oxysporum already growing on a fructan-containing medium. A significant increase in invertase production which resulted in an increase of the invertase/inulinase (S/I) ratio, was observed on addition of inulin to this fungus growing on other carbon sources. Glycerol (10%) gave better protection to inulinase against thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C compared to ethylene glycol and sorbitol. Inulinase immobilised in polyacrylamide gel retained 45% of its original activity. The immobilised enzyme showed a higher optimum temperature (45 degrees C) compared to free enzyme (37 degrees C). The immobilised enzyme after storage at 25 degrees C for 96 h showed 58% activity. Thermal stability of entrapped inulinase increased in the presence of inulin.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1990

The other side of AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Effect of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on body temperature during and after surgery.

The superficial and deep body temperatures of 40 healthy females undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were measured during surgery and for 4 h afterwards. The patients were allocated randomly to one of five groups and anaesthetized to produce an end-tidal concentration of 1% halothane, 1% enflurane, 2% enflurane, 1% isoflurane or 2% isoflurane. The patients received also 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen and neuromuscular blockade. The theatre temperature was maintained at 22.0 degrees C. There were significant body temperature changes during operation in all groups. The mean (SD) decrease in core temperature over 85 min was approximately 1.1 (0.3) degrees C in the 1% halothane, 2% enflurane and 2% isoflurane groups, and 0.6 (0.4) degrees C in the 1% enflurane and 1% isoflurane groups (P less than 0.05). During the recovery period the 1% halothane, 2% enflurane and 2% isoflurane groups took 2 h to rewarm to preoperative temperatures, and the rate of rewarming during this time was similar for all groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of dexamethasone on lipid metabolism in rat organs.

Injecting of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg body weight) for 8 days to rats decreased the body weight and feed intake by 29 and 50%, respectively. The increase in weights of liver, heart, kidneys and testes per 100 g body weight was 55, 37, 33 and 13%, respectively. Though, in general, the triglyceride content increased in all the organs, maximum increase (9-fold) was observed in the liver. The plasma showed elevated levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids. In hepatic mitochondrial membranes, the content of protein, phospholipids and cholesterol decreased/g tissue. The percent 14C distribution, as a part of total incorporation in nonpolar lipids, of [14C]acetate into triglycerides of liver, kidneys and testes increased significantly. The increased turnover of phospholipids in liver and heart was mainly due to increased turnover of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine in liver and PC in heart. Turnover of phospholipids of testes was not affected.

Animals↗