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Biomedical subjects

N Kearsley

Publications and source records attributed to N Kearsley.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The efficacy and safety of a new ciprofloxacin suspension compared with co-amoxiclav tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

A multinational, multicentre, randomized, prospective, parallel-group study compared treatment with ciprofloxacin administered as an oral suspension (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) with co-amoxiclav tablets (625 mg three times daily for 7 days) in patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB). A total of 147 of 165 cases treated with ciprofloxacin (89.1%) and 146 of 162 cases treated with co-amoxiclav (90.1%) were classified as being clinical successes at the primary efficacy assessment 7 days after the end of therapy (assessed as reduced cough, improvement in dyspnoea, reduction in 24-h sputum volume or reduced purulence of sputum). Treatment equivalence was statistically confirmed; treatment difference:--1.0%, 95% CI--6.6% and 4.5%. Before treatment, 128 bacterial strains were isolated from 103 patients (60 ciprofloxacin and 68 co-amoxiclav). The most commonly isolated organism was Haemophilus influenzae (60 isolates), followed by Moraxella catarrhalis (12 isolates), Streptococcus pneumoniae (11 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (10 isolates). At day 14, 40 of 46 ciprofloxacin-treated patients (87.0%) and 46 of 55 co-amoxiclav-treated patients (83.6%) who were valid for bacteriological analysis were classified as being bacteriological success (classed as eradication, eradication with colonization or presumed eradication; treatment difference: 3.3%, 95% CI--8.3% and 14.9%). The adverse event profile was comparable between treatment groups. Most adverse events considered possibly or probably related to study drug were related to the gastrointestinal system and were of mild or moderate severity: nausea (13% ciprofloxacin, 10.6% co-amoxiclav), flatulence (10.3% ciprofloxacin, 3.9% co-amoxiclav), abdominal pain (7.6% ciprofloxacin, 7.3% co-amoxiclav) and diarrhoea (4.3% ciprofloxacin, 6.7% co-amoxiclav). We concluded that a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin suspension is equivalent to a 7-day course of co-amoxiclav tablets in terms of clinical and bacteriological efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of AECB. Thus, ciprofloxacin suspension may offer a suitable alternative treatment for AECB patients who have difficulty in swallowing, or who prefer liquid medications to tablets.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Cardiovascular activity during mental stress following vigorous exercise in sportsmen and inactive men.

Thirty-six competitive sportsmen and 36 inactive men participated in a two-session experiment. Session 1 involved exercise to exhaustion so as to assess maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In Session 2, both groups were randomized into three experimental conditions: 20 min of exercise at high intensity (70% VO2max) or moderate intensity (50% VO2max) or a light exercise control. Following 30 min of recovery, all subjects performed mental arithmetic and public speech tasks in a counterbalanced order. Cardiovascular, electrodermal, respiratory, and subjective variables were recorded. Sportsmen had higher VO2max, lower body fat, and lower resting heart rate (HR) than inactive men. A postexercise hypotensive response was observed among subjects in the 70% and 50% VO2max conditions, accompanied by baroreceptor reflex inhibition in the 70% condition. Systolic pressure was lower during mental arithmetic and during recovery from the speech task in the high-intensity than in the control group. Diastolic pressure was lower following mental arithmetic in the high-intensity group. No differences in HR reactivity, electrodermal, or respiratory parameters were observed, but baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was inhibited during mental arithmetic. The results are discussed in relation to previous reports of suppressed cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress tests following vigorous exercise and the role of stress-related processes in the antihypertensive response to physical training.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cognitive and somatic anxiety.

Three hundred and forty adults (including sports players, recreational exercisers, mediators and sedentary controls) completed three inventories purporting to measure cognitive and somatic aspects of anxiety. These were the Cognitive-Somatic Anxiety Questionnaire (CSAQ) devised by Schwartz, Davidson & Goleman (Psychosomatic Medicine, 40, 321-328, 1978), the Worry-Emotionality Scale (WES, Morris, Davis & Hutchens, Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 541-555, 1981) and the Lehrer-Woolfolk (1982) Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (LWASQ). Factor analysis of the CSAQ and WES identified distinct cognitive and somatic anxiety factors in both inventories. Higher somatic than cognitive ratings were recorded on the CSAQ and WES, while the pattern was reversed on the LWASQ. The CSAQ can tentatively be recommended as a useful measure of these two anxiety components. We were unable to confirm an observation made previously in the literature that practice of meditation is associated with reduced cognitive anxiety, or that exercise is linked with lower somatic anxiety.

Adolescent↗