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Biomedical subjects

N Khetan

Publications and source records attributed to N Khetan.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Parathyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy affecting 0.5-5 per cent of all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. This article reviews the literature on the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of parathyroid carcinoma. METHODS: A Medline search was performed and all relevant English language articles published between 1970 and 2005 were retrieved. The search words included 'parathyroid carcinoma', 'pathology', 'genetics', 'management' and 'radiotherapy'. Secondary references were obtained from key articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The exact aetiology of parathyroid carcinoma remains obscure. Recently, the HRPT2 gene has been implicated in its pathogenesis and may prove to be a genetic target in future. Surgical resection is the accepted 'gold standard'. There is now a growing consensus on the use of adjuvant radiotherapy as it has been shown to provide a survival benefit.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Endometriosis: presentation to general surgeons.

We present nine cases of endometriosis presenting to general surgeons over a period of 4.5 years at Gwynedd Hospital, Bangor. A total of 83 cases of endometriosis was found on analysis of pathology records. Of these, 73 presented to gynaecologists, one to a dermatologist and nine to general surgeons. The presentation to general surgeons includes swelling related to Pfannanstiel scar (two), swelling in inguinal canal (two), umbilical nodule (one), rectal bleeding (one), recurrent abdominal pain (one), mimicking ovarian tumour (one) and presenting as pelvic peritonitis (one). Six were elective admissions and three were admitted as an emergency. All were premenopausal (range 19-49 years) women. None had any previous history of endometriosis or subfertility. Two patients with cyclical symptoms were correctly diagnosed clinically, and the others were postoperative diagnosis. Six patients required gynaecological referral and four of these required further medical treatment. None of them has required further surgical intervention in follow-up (range 4 weeks to 3 years). Endometriosis usually presents to general surgeons with deposits at extragonadal sites. Some patients may present as an emergency with abdominal pain. Endometriosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of women presenting with swellings related to umbilicus, surgical scars, inguinal canal and pelvis, especially if symptoms are cyclical. Usually, surgical excision is adequate. Selected cases require gynaecological referral and further medical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder: report of a case.

We report herein the rare case of a 40-year-old woman with a 10-year history of dull abdominal pain, in whom a carcinoid tumor of the gallbladder was confirmed by postoperative histological findings. A review of the world literature revealed that only 22 other such cases have been documented, all of which were diagnosed by incidental findings at the time of surgery or at post mortem. Although these patients may present with liver metastasis, rarely do they manifest with features of a carcinoid syndrome. The rarity of this entity prompted us to present our patient's case report, followed by a brief review of the literature on the previous 22 cases.

Adult↗