Comparison of plasma metabolite concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase activity in dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.
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Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
Biomedical subjects
N Kimura
Publications and source records attributed to N Kimura.
Giant combined microdissected thin thigh perforator flap.
Despite recent advances in reconstructive surgery, extremely wide and thin flap coverage has rarely been reported. Recently, the authors developed a technique for transferring a very wide and thin flap from the thigh area using microdissection. In this procedure, both perforators of the anterolateral thigh flap and the tensor fasciae latae perforator flap were microdissected simultaneously and these two perforator flaps were elevated in combination based on the common pedicle of the vessels. In this report, the detailed technique of the procedure is described along with a discussion of the safety of this giant flap in consideration of 60 clinical experiences of microdissected thin tensor fasciae latae perforator and anterolateral thigh flaps.
Adolescent↗
Two new reactive targets of 2,5-hexanedione in vitro - beta-alanine and glycine.
In this study, we found that two amino acids reacted with 2,5-hexanedione to form new reaction products in vitro, respectively. In the reaction of beta-alanine and 2,5-hexanedione, a reaction product was obtained and analyses of obtained results showed it was 3-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propanoic acid; in the reaction of glycine and 2,5-hexanedione, a reaction product was also obtained and analyses showed it was (2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid. Two reaction products were found to be oxidized easily; in addition, the latter was more easily to be oxidized than the former in the air. Our discoveries demonstrated that reactions between amino acids and 2,5-hexanedione could exist possibly in vitro. At present, it is clear that 2,5-hexanedione causes either axon atrophy or swelling, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. Since both beta-alanine and glycine are considered as neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, the reaction products remain to be identified in vivo.
Amino Acids↗
Effect of supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extracts on enzyme activities in peripheral leukocytes of calves.
To investigate the effect of Agaricus mushroom meal on the energy metabolism in animal tissues; plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in plasma and peripheral leukocytes were measured in Japanese Black WagyuxHolstein F1 calves supplemented with Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) extract in milk-replacer at the dose of 60g/head/day for 4 weeks. Activities of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in cytosol and glutamate dehydrogenase in mitochondria, and the malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in cytosol in peripheral leukocytes of calves with A. blazei were significantly higher than those in control calves without A. blazei. It was concluded that supplementation of Agaricus mushroom meal extract was effective in activation of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of calves.
Agaricus↗
Comparison of activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes and livers between Holstein dairy cows and ICR mice.
Activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and isoenzyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined in peripheral leukocytes and livers of Holstein dairy cows and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. In dairy cow liver, activities of enzymes in glycolysis, malate-aspartate shuttle and lipogenesis were lower, but activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in gluconeogenesis were higher than those in mouse liver. Glucokinase activities were below detection limit in leukocytes and liver of the cows. Dairy cow leukocytes and liver showed the isoenzyme patterns with dominance of LDH-1, -2 and-3, whereas mouse leukocytes and liver showed that LDH-5 was dominant. The LDH isoenzyme patterns were very similar between leukocytes and liver in each animal species. Some enzymes in leukocytes may reflect those enzymes activities in liver and be a useful indicator for energy metabolism in animals.
Animals↗
2'-,5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase response ratio predicting virological response to PEG-interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
OBJECTIVE: Although all the mechanisms of elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by Interferon (IFN) have not been fully elucidated, the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) system is one of the mechanisms of the antiviral effect of IFN. Consequently, the measurement of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5AS) activity could be useful for the evaluation of IFN treatment. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing whether 2-5AS activity functions as a clinical marker of virological response to PEG-interferon-alpha2b (PEG-IFN) plus ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C. METHODS: The 32 patients included in this study had high viral loads of serum HCV-RNA of genotype 1b with chronic hepatitis C. All the patients received a regimen of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin for 48 weeks, and were then divided into two groups: one group (effective group) with undetectable serum HCV-RNA levels at 24 weeks (n = 22) of therapy, the other group (ineffective group) with persistent presence of HCV-RNA in serum at 24 weeks (n = 10). The 2-5AS activity in serum was measured 2, 8 and 12 weeks before initial administration. RESULTS: The 2-5AS response ratio (measured value/measured value of baseline 2-5AS) at 2, 8 and 12 weeks after the administration in the effective group was significantly higher than that in the ineffective group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the ratio of 2-5AS is closely related to the antiviral effect, and that the measurement of 2-5AS response ratio may be a useful clinical parameter of virological response to PEG-IFN plus ribavirin therapy of chronic hepatitis C.
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
Bos indicus type of growth hormone receptor gene is retained in Japanese Black cattle.
The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is responsible for growth and carcass traits, and polymorphisms associated with the variation of meat production are thought to occur in the liver-specific promoter of the GHR gene in cattle. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure of the liver-specific promoter of GHR in Japanese Black cattle, as the relationship between GHR polymorphism and meat production is poorly understood in this breed. Typically in European cattle, the LINE-1 element, a family of retrotransposons, is inserted in the liver-specific promoter. However, a short GHR promoter without the LINE-1 sequence was found in the Japanese Black breed as in Bos indicus cattle. The frequency of the short allele was approximately 60%. In addition, 24 of 29 Holstein/Japanese Black crosses carried the short allele from their sire. The present result suggests that the short allele for GHR may be a candidate marker for improving meat production of Japanese Black cattle.
Alleles↗
[Effects of intra-coronary and intra-graft administration of nicorandil for coronary spasm after coronary artery bypass grafting].
Coronary artery spasm after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is relatively rare, but when it occurs, it is fatal. In cases of circulatory collapse just after surgery, coronary spasm should be suspected, and immediate diagnosis by coronary angiography is necessary. We conducted a study to assess the clinical characteristics of coronary spasm after CABG and the usefulness of intra-coronary and intra-graft administration of nicorandil. Study subjects were 7 patients (6 men and 1 woman, mean age 60.4 years) in whom coronary spasm after CABG was diagnosed angiographically from January 1992 to December 2003. Off-pump CABG (OPCAB) had been performed in 2 patients. Despite continuous administration of nitroglycerin and diltiazem hydrochloride during surgery, sudden circulatory collapse occurred during surgery or within 24 hours after CABG in all 7 patients. All required mechanical circulatory support, and emergency coronary angiography revealed severe graft and native coronary spasms. Intracoronary and/or intra-graft administration of diltiazem hydrochloride or nitroglycerin was not very effective, however, administration of nicorandil was effective for vasodilatation. One patient suffered brain damage and died, but the other 6 patients recovered and were discharged without complication. In conclusion, intra-coronary and/or intra-graft administration of nicorandil appears to be useful for the treatment of coronary spasm after CABG.
Aged↗
Pressure-induced superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric heavy-fermion CeRhSi3.
We report the pressure-induced superconductivity in the noncentrosymmetric heavy-fermion CeRhSi3. The superconductivity emerges above about 12 kbar even though the antiferromagnetic ordering persists. Furthermore, another anomaly is observed in the superconducting phase. The anomalous magnetic field-temperature phase diagram with a high upper critical field suggests that an unconventional superconductivity is realized in CeRhSi3.
Journal Article↗
Changes in peripheral leukocytes enzymes activity and plasma metabolite concentrations in growing Holstein calves.
Plasma metabolite and immunoreactive insulin concentrations and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes were measured in growing Holstein calves. A ratio of girth of abdomen divided by girth of thorax (A/T ratio) of calves was significantly elevated after weaning, and the A/T ratio maybe a good indicator to evaluate rumen development. Plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were changed in calves accompanying change in feeding. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase with pyruvate as substrate (LDH-P) and hexokinase (HK) in cytosolic fractions of peripheral leukocytes decreased significantly after weaning the calves reflecting the change of energy source from milk replacer with high percentages of fat and glucose and lactose as absorbable carbohydrate to pelleted feed containing starch as less absorbable carbohydrate and roughage. Some peripheral leukocyte enzymes such as LDH and HK may be good indicators to evaluate changes in energy metabolism of growing calves.
Abdomen↗
Activities of enzymes in some types of peripheral leucocytes may reflect the differences in nutrient metabolism between dogs and cats.
Plasma metabolites and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations and enzyme activities of some types of peripheral leucocytes were measured to clarify one aspect of the differences in nutrient metabolism between dogs and cats. There were no significant differences in plasma concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acids and IRI between dogs and cats. Higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in feline plasma, and H/T ratio (HDL/total cholesterol concentrations) was significantly lower than that in canine plasma. The cytosolic activities of fructokinase (FK), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) were significantly lower in feline leucocytes than those in canine leucocytes. Higher activities of FK, PK and G6PD, which regulate the rate of biosynthesis of fatty acids, may reflect the different characteristics in nutrient metabolism in feline tissues from canine tissues.
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
Malate dehydrogenase activities are lower in some types of peripheral leucocytes of dogs and cats with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
The activities of the enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured in peripheral leucocytes of spontaneous type 1 diabetic dogs and cats treated with insulin injections. In the diabetic dogs and cats, fasting plasma glucose concentrations were three- or fourfold greater than the control levels in spite of insulin injections and the activities of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH), one of pivotal enzymes in the malate-aspartate shuttle, were remarkably lower than the controls. Depressed expression of cytosolic MDH mRNA was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis in the diabetic animals. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (M / L ratio) in leucocytes of the diabetic animals was significantly lower than that of normal control animals. The smaller M / L ratio appeared to reflect depression of energy metabolism in the diabetic animals. Intrinsically lower and further decreased MDH activities may be factors that induce insulin resistance observed in diabetic cats.
Animals↗
Changes in activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes of fattening steers.
Glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations, some enzyme activities in plasma, and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism in peripheral leukocytes were measured in fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers fed on different diets at 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 months of age. The plasma IRI concentrations at 20 and 24 months of age were significantly higher than those at 8 months of age. Activities of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cytosolic fractions, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), MDH and AST in mitochondrial fractions in peripheral leukocytes of steers at 24 months of age were significantly higher than those at 8 months. Increasing plasma insulin concentration was considered to induce acceleration of glucose utilization in leukocytes of fattening steers. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in leukocytes increased significantly in the fattening process and was considered to be a useful indicator for evaluating changes in energy metabolism in steers.
Animals↗
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Intravenous peptide YY3-36 and Y2 receptor antagonism in the rat: effects on feeding behaviour.
Systemic injection of peptide YY3-36 reduces food intake in rodents and humans, although some groups have reported a lack of response. PYY3-36 is thought to act via the Y2 receptor to presynaptically inhibit the release of neuropeptide Y and GABA from hypothalamic arcuate neurones. Due to the controversy surrounding its action in rodents, we tested the peptide intravenously on feeding behaviour in rats and attempted to block its actions with the Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE0246. PYY3-36 significantly decreased food intake during the first hour in male Sprague-Dawley rats fasted overnight and then re-fed. BIIE0246 had no effect alone on re-feeding, but completely blocked the action of PYY3-36. In a second experiment of similar design, the behavioural satiety sequence (BSS) was studied. Normal rats eat, drink, explore and groom before entering rest. PYY3-36 significantly reduced food eaten maintaining the normal BSS, although shifting it to the left as expected for a natural satiety factor. The latency to rest occurred earlier for animals given PYY3-36 alone and PYY3-36 tended to increase the total time in rest compared with controls. These behavioural effects of PYY3-36 were blocked by BIIE0246, and BIIE0246 alone did not have an effect on the BSS. These results support the role of PYY3-36 as a natural satiety factor acting through Y2 receptors.
Animals↗
Age-related changes of intracellular Abeta in cynomolgus monkey brains.
To confirm the intracellular accumulation of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), we carefully performed immunohistochemistry using brains of cynomolgus monkeys of various ages. Cortical neurones and their large neurites were immunostained with antibodies against Abeta in young monkey brains. In aged monkey brains, intracellular Abeta localized within cortical neurones; no clear association was found between the presence of intracellular Abeta and senile plaques (SPs). Interestingly, we did not observe Abeta-immunoreactive cortical neurones in brains fixed with neutral buffered formalin. Western blot analyses of microsomal and nerve ending fractions derived from the brains of young to aged monkeys revealed that intracellular Abeta generation changed with age. In the microsomal fraction, the amount of Abeta42 significantly increased in brains from older monkeys (>30 years of age), and the amount of Abeta43 significantly decreased with age in the microsomal fraction. The amount of Abeta40 remained the same regardless of age. Biochemical analyses also showed that intracellular levels of each of these Abeta molecules significantly increased with age in nerve ending fractions. As we previously observed that a similar accumulation of presenilin1, beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and APP C-terminal fragment cleaved by beta-secretase in the nerve ending fractions obtained from brains with SPs, the accumulation of intracellular Abeta in this fraction may be closely related to formation of spontaneous SPs with age. Taken together, these results suggest that intensive investigation of age-related changes in the nerve ending will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
Aging↗
Interferon-beta induction/interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with interferon (IFN) and ribavirin improves the rate of eradication of the virus by less than 20% in patients with genotype 1b and a high viral load. In this study we assessed whether IFN-beta induction/IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin enhances the efficacy of the therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The efficacy of IFN-beta induction/IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin therapy (group A, n=7) was compared with that of IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin (group B, n=7) in 14 patients with high levels of HCV-RNA (> 100 K/U/ml). No significant differences were observed in the clearance of HCV-RNA between the two groups (A and B, respectively) 2 weeks after the start of the treatment (0% and 14.3%), at the end of the treatment (71.4% and 100%) and 6 months after the end of the treatment (28.6% and 14.3%). Recovery was complete in 28.6% and 14.3%, transient in 42.9% and 85.7% and absent in 28.6% and 0% in groups A and B, respectively. Early log changes in the viral load from the baseline after 2 weeks of treatment were 2.41 +/- 0.91 and 2.77 +/- 0.20 in groups A and B, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups. In the present study, we were not able to demonstrate that IFN-beta induction/IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin therapy was superior to IFN-alpha2b plus ribavirin therapy in patients with genotype 1b and high viral loads.
Adult↗
Evolution of spin and field dependences of the effective mass with pressure in CeIn(3).
We have studied the field and spin dependences of the effective masses in CeIn3 as a function of pressure via the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect. The effective mass increases with the field at pressures up to about 10 kbar and then decreases with the field. The spin direction of the dominant dHvA oscillation is likely to be reversed across the same pressure. The dHvA frequency changes significantly at the pressure P(c) for the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point and two neighboring pressures P2 and P4 below and above P(c). The spin and field dependences rapidly diminish across P(c) and finally disappear above P4. These observations are discussed in conjunction with relevant observations and theories.
Journal Article↗