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N Kiriike

Publications and source records attributed to N Kiriike.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Personality disorders in patients with eating disorders in Japan.

We assessed the prevalence of personality disorders (PD) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II) in 36 patients with restricting anorexia nervosa, 30 patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and 42 patients with bulimia nervosa. Of the 108 patients, 51% met the criteria for at least one PD. The patients with PD had more severe clinical features in terms of bulimic behaviors, concurrent depressive, anxious, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and psychopathology related to eating disorders compared to the patients without any PD. The patients with PD, especially borderline PD, also had more severe global functioning and greater numbers of suicidal attempts and hospital admissions. We compare these results with those reported in the Western world and discuss them cross-culturally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Are young women in Japan at high risk for eating disorders?: Decreased BMI in young females from 1960 to 1995.

The height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of Japanese males and females aged from 6 to 24 years between 1960 and 1995 were studied. From 1960 to 1995 in males of all ages and in females aged 6-14 years height, weight and BMI increased. In females aged 15-24 years, the height increased and the weight slightly increased, but the BMI gradually decreased from 21.5 in 1960 to 20.5 in 1995. Over the last 35 years adolescent and young adult women have become thinner. Dieting to be slim has become much more prevalent among young women. These findings suggest that young females in Japan have decreased their BMI by dieting in order to become slim. If this tendency persists, with regard to a close relationship between restrained eating or dieting and eating disorders, Japanese young women have a much greater risk of developing eating disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Event-related potentials in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Twenty-three unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were compared with 12 unmedicated patients with social phobia (SP) and 18 age-matched normal controls (C) using a two-tone auditory oddball event-related potentials (ERP) paradigm. The OCD group showed significantly shorter P300 latencies and shorter N200 latencies for target stimuli than the SP and the C groups. The OCD patients also tended to have greater N200 negativity compared with normal controls. However, there were no significant relationships between these ERP abnormalities in OCD patients and the type or severity of their OCD symptoms. In the mean ERP waveforms, increased N200 negativity for target stimuli, as well as the provocation in the later part of N200 for non-target stimuli, were more commonly observed in the OCD and the SP groups compared with the C group. These results raise the possibility that the shorter N200 and P300 latencies in OCD patients may be an OCD-specific phenomenon that is more closely related to the biological basis for OCD, rather than the characteristics of their OCD symptoms. On the other hand, increased negativity in the N200 region, even for non-target stimuli, may represent the common abnormalities among anxiety disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Single and married patients with eating disorders.

Forty married and 22 unmarried female patients with eating disorders were studied to elucidate the relationship between eating disorders and marriage. Eating disorders developed in 14 patients before marriage (premarital onset) and in 26 patients at or after marriage (postmarital onset). The postmarital onset group was a significantly higher age at onset, but similar in age and duration of illness compared with the group of 22 unmarried patients. However, the various clinical features of the three groups did not differ. Four premarital onset patients showed exaggerated clinical features after marriage, but the other patients showed no change in clinical features after marriage. In the postmarital onset group, eating disorders were triggered in 18 (69%) patients by marital problems, separation or divorce. In contrast, eating disorders were triggered by dieting to be slim in eight (57%) patients of the premarital onset group and 12 (55%) patients of the unmarried group. These results suggest that marital discord plays an important role in the development and maintenance of eating disorders among married women.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Personality disorders in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Japan.

A total of 75 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were studied in order to investigate the characteristics of OCD symptoms and the comorbidity of personality disorders (PD). Contamination obsessions and checking compulsions were most commonly found in patients, of whom 53% met the criteria for at least one PD. Among comorbid PD, the anxious-fearful (cluster C) PDs, such as avoidant, obsessive-compulsive and dependent PD, were most prevalent, followed by the odd-eccentric (cluster A) PDs, such as paranoid and schizotypal PD. The patients with PD had more severe social maladaptation and concurrent depressive and anxious symptoms than the patients without any PD, despite the similar severity of OCD symptoms. These results are consistent with those reported in the Western world, and are considered to be relatively stable cross-culturally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effects of fluvoxamine on food intake during rebound hyperphagia in rats.

We examined the effects of fluvoxamine on food intake during rebound hyperphagia induced by a time-restricted feeding schedule in rats. Rats were allowed access to food for only 2 h daily for 7 days, and then had free access to food for 7 consecutive days. The daily food intake of the rats was dramatically increased, by 42.5% (rebound hyperphagia), for 7 days of the free-feeding period. Intraperitoneal injection of fluvoxamine decreased food intake significantly in a dose-dependent manner for the first 3 h of feeding during 7 days. When rats were allowed access to one of the standard, carbohydrate-, fat-, or protein-rich diets in the free-feeding period following the time-restricted feeding schedule, fluvoxamine significantly decreased food intakes of standard, carbohydrate- and fat-rich diets on all days, and the protein-rich diet after the 2nd day of the free-feeding period. These results indicate that fluvoxamine, irrespective of the diet composition, suppresses rebound hyperphagia induced by a time-restricted feeding schedule, but that its effect is short-lived.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bromocriptine enhances feeding behavior without changing dopamine metabolism.

Bromocriptine is an ergot derivative and has been thought to act as a selective D2 receptor agonist, but its effects on dopamine release in vivo have not been confirmed. We administered bromocriptine into the striatum of rats and studied the effects on feeding behavior and dopamine release. Bromocriptine was perfused via a microdialysis probe into the ventrolateral striatum of rats fasted for 22 h, and the rats were then allowed to feed freely for 6 h. Bromocriptine perfusion increased food intake in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the extracellular concentrations of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) did not change. Perfusion of (-) sulpiride, a selective D2 receptor antagonist, decreased food intake, but increased dopamine release and the levels of DOPAC and HVA. Pretreatment with (-)sulpiride perfusion for 1 h prior to bromocriptine perfusion inhibited the increase of food intake induced by bromocriptine, and it increased dopamine release and the levels of DOPAC and HVA. These findings suggest that bromocriptine directly perfused into the ventrolateral striatum acts selectively on postsynaptic D2 receptors and enhances feeding behavior.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1996

Married patients with eating disorders in Japan.

A total of 40 married and 22 unmarried female patients with eating disorders were studied in order to investigate the relationship between eating disorders and marriage. Eating disorders developed in 14 patients before marriage (premarital onset) and in 26 patients at the time of or after marriage (postmarital onset). The postmarital-onset group was characterized by a significantly higher age at onset, but was similar in age and duration of illness to the group of 22 unmarried patients. However, the various clinical features of the three groups did not differ. For premarital-onset patients showed exaggerated clinical features after marriage, but the other patients showed no change in clinical features after marriage. In the postmarital-onset group, eating disorders were triggered in 18 patients (69%) by marital problems, separation or divorce. In contrast, eating disorders were triggered by dieting in order to lose weight in 8 patients (57%) in the premarital-onset group and 12 patients (55%) in the unmarried group. These results suggest that marital conflict plays an important role in the development and continuation of eating disorders in married women.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The importance of mental support to the patients with adult atopic dermatitis.

To study mental condition of the patients with severe adult atopic dermatitis, the General Health Questionnaire of 60 symptoms proposed by Goldberg was completed by 64 patients composed of 22 males and 42 females twice (before the start of the treatment and following improvement or reduction of their skin symptoms), and also 65 healthy persons as a matched healthy control. The patients were much more markedly disturbed in the sum of all morbid ratings and all four scales for somatic symptoms, anxiety and worry, social dysfunction and despondency and depressed mood before the start of the treatment than the healthy control. However, the patients showed remarkably reduced scores in all measured scales with improvement of their skin symptoms lower than healthy control. These depressed mental conditions reflected on their daily and social activities. The results obtained indicated that atopic dermatitis could be not only a disease of dermatology but also a disease of mental and even social disease. The results endorsed importance and necessity to provide for dermatologists, the patients family and even nurses concerned mental support to those patients with adult atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Effects of weight gain and resumption of menses on reduced bone density in patients with anorexia nervosa.

The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and of the whole body were measured in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in female patients with eating disorders, using dual photon absorptiometry before and after weight gain with or without resumption of menses. In the cross-sectional study, the low-body-weight anorectic patients, with or without bulimia nervosa, were found to have lower BMD of the lumbar vertebrae associated with severe weight loss, low physical activity, and earlier onset and longer duration of amenorrhea. In the longitudinal study, 11 patients attained subnormal body weight (70%SBW < or = approximately < 85% SBW), 10 patients attained normal body weight (> or = 85%SBW, 6 patients of them resumed regular menses) after treatment. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae was found to increase with weight gain, but not to the control level. The BMD was further increased with the resumption of menses in patients with anorexia nervosa. These results suggest that resumption of menses, in addition to weight gain, is essential to normalize reduced bone mineral density.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

D2 receptors in the ventrolateral striatum are involved in feeding behavior in rats.

To study the role of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the ventrolateral striatum in feeding behavior, a D1 receptor agonist (CY 208-243), a D1 receptor antagonist (SCH 23390), a D2 receptor agonist (quinpirole), and a D2 receptor antagonist [(-)-sulpiride] were perfused via a microdialysis probe into the ventrolateral striatum of rats fasted for 22 h. Then the rats were allowed to feed freely for 6 h. Sulpiride perfusion at a high concentration suppressed food and water intake significantly, whereas dopamine release and the levels of DOPAC and HVA were increased at all concentrations. In contrast, quinpirole perfusion at a high concentration increased food intake by 41%. Dopamine release and the levels of DOPAC and HVA were decreased at all concentrations. On the other hand, neither CY 208-243 nor SCH 23390 changed food intake or dopamine release, but both drugs decreased water intake. These results suggest that D2 receptors in the ventrolateral striatum have a more important role than D1 receptors in the feeding behavior of rats.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1995

Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Study on the mental health of patients with atopic dermatitis in adults.

General Health Questionaire of 60 symptoms proposed by Goldberg was used to study psychiatric condition of 74 patients with severe atopic dermatitis. The patients were composed of 26 males and 48 females. A matched healthy control was obtained from 65 persons of 22 males and 43 females. The patients showed remarkably higher scores than the healthy control in the sum of all morbid ratings and all four scales for somatic symptoms, anxiety and worry, social dysfunction and despondency and depressed mood. The results obtained indicate that atopic dermatitis could be not only disease of dermatology but also accompanied with psychiatric disturbances and even social disease. Then, we propose that intense provision of psychiatric support will be important and necessary to those patients with atopic disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Scheduled feeding caused activation of dopamine metabolism in the striatum of rats.

The effects of a time-restricted feeding schedule on dopamine (DA) release and its metabolites output in the striatum of freely moving rats were studied. Rats had access to food for only 2 h daily for 7 successive days. On the 1st or 7th day, the extracellular concentrations of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the ventrolateral striatum were measured by in vivo brain microdialysis during 2 h of exposure to food-related stimuli followed by 2 h of access to food. Extracellular concentrations of DA and its metabolites did not change during the period of exposure to food-related stimuli or during feeding on the 1st day. On the 7th day, extracellular DOPAC and HVA concentrations increased significantly during 2 h of feeding, but not during exposure to food-related stimuli, compared with basal levels. Extracellular DA concentration did not change significantly. These results indicate that scheduled feeding caused activation of DA metabolism in the ventrolateral striatum and facilitate feeding-related motor activity in feeding behavior.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Reduced bone density and major hormones regulating calcium metabolism in anorexia nervosa.

Bone density of lumbar vertebrae (L2 to L4) and the whole body in 29 patients with anorexia nervosa were measured by dual photon absorptiometry, and the results were compared with those of 10 age-matched normal controls. The patients had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) in L3 and L2-4 than controls. However, there was no difference in whole-body BMD. L3 and L2-4 BMD was positively correlated with body weight and was negatively correlated with duration of illness and amenorrhea. Patients who had been more active 6 months before the time of the study had significantly higher L3 BMD than the less active patients. Most patients had an abnormally low serum estrogen level, whereas the mean serum levels of thyroid hormone (T3, T4), cortisol, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D were within the normal range. No correlation was found between L3 or L2-4 BMD and the levels of these hormones. These results suggest that severe weight loss, low physical activity, longer duration of amenorrhea and deficiency of estrogen contribute to bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa, whereas calcium-regulating hormones such as parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D are unlikely to be a primary contributor to bone loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The clinical effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in aged patients.

The effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in the elderly was studied in thirty-one patients having cerebrovascular disorders. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and related diseases. The drug (150 mg) was administered orally three times daily for 10 weeks. The final global improvement rating was 77.4% for all patients. The rates of improvement for Alzheimer's disease were higher than those for cerebrovascular disorders, suggesting that this drug affects Alzheimer's disease through a cholinergic potentiating action. Psychotic, neurological and subjective symptoms, and the activity of daily life, were rated before, during and after treatment. All mean rates of improvement were based on observations made in the 4th week after the start of treatment. Improvement rates for global symptoms were more than 80% for emotional incontinence and prejudice or querulous attitudes toward the nurses, and in headache, tinnitus and dizziness among the subjective symptoms. The improvement in intellectual function was evaluated by the dementia rating scale for the elderly (DRSE), and a significant increase was found in DRSE after treatment with this drug. Side effects attributable to the drug were noted in one patient developing urticaria. It is thus suggested that bifemelane hydrochloride is useful in the treatment of different symptoms of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Ventricular enlargement in normal weight bulimia.

Cranial computed tomography (CT) scans of 17 patients with bulimia were compared with those of 21 age- and sex-matched controls. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) of the bulimics was 7.29, which was significantly greater than the 4.55 seen in controls. However, no correlation was found between VBRs and clinical variables, endocrine or metabolic parameters.

Adolescent↗