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Biomedical subjects

N Krasner

Publications and source records attributed to N Krasner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Alcohol and absorption from the small intestine. 1. Impairment of absorption from the small intestine in alcoholics.

An absorption screen was performed in 10 chronic alcoholic patients within a few days of admission due to an acute alcoholic episode. Impaired absorption of d-Xylose was noted in three patients and low leucocyte ascorbic acid and serum folate levels in five. No abnormality was detected in jejunal histology. The absorption of water and electrolytes from the jejunum was studied in these patients using a triple-lumen tube perfusion system. The mean rate of absorption of water in the alcoholic subjects (50-0 +/- 2-3 ml/h) was significantly lower (P less than 0-001) than the mean value in 14 healthy control subjects (205 +/- 15-9 ml/h). A significant reduction of Na+ and Cl-absorption was also demonstrated in the alcoholic subjects. These results indicate that patients with acute-on-chronic alcoholism may have a function impairment of water and electrolyte absorption from the jejunum. This may, in part, account for some of the nutritional deficiencies in such patients and for symptoms such as diarrhoea which may be present.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Alcohol and absorption from the small intestine. 2. Effect of ethanol on ATP and ATPase activities in guinea-pig jejunum.

After the exposure of isolated segments of guinea-pig jejunum to 2% ethanol for one hour, a significant reduction (P less than 0-001) in the adenosine triphosphate content (ATP) was observed when compared with levels found in segments perfused with Krebs' solution. However, no alteration was noted in the activity of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The chronic administration of 50% ethanol in a dose of 2-5 g/kg for two weeks did not affect either the ATP content or ATPase activity in jejunal mucosa.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1976

A trial of fenfluramine in the treatment of the chronic alcoholic patient.

In a double blind trial, 50 male chronic alcoholic patients were treated with either fenfluramine in a dose of 60 mg or 120 mg daily, or with identically prepared placebo tablets. Patients were interviewed on admission to the trial and then at four-weekly intervals for a period of one year and blood levels of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) and fenfluramine were determined. The efficacy of fenfluramine at the two dose levels was compared with placebo on the basis of the number of lapses indicated by the clinical history and also by alterations in the biochemical indices. Twenty-seven patients completed the period of observation, there being 9 in each of the three groups. Those receiving 120 mg fenfluramine daily showed significantly fewer lapses than either of the other two groups (p less than 0-01) on biochemical but not on clinical criteria. Overall assessment revealed that 3 of the 9 patients receiving the high dose of fenfluramine had a good result during the period of the trial, but there were none in the 60 mg group or in those receiving placebo. More extensive trials of fenfluramine in the treatment of chronic alcoholism are indicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Tests of pancreatic function using 75Se-selenomethionine.

Pancreatic function was investigated in 43 patients using a combination of conventional and subtraction scans of the pancreas and duodenal aspiration of the 75Se-Selenomethionine injected, in the time periods 60-150 minutes, 90-120 minutes and 105-150 minutes after injection. Patients with chronic alcoholism, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, extrahepatic biliary obstruction and liver disease were included. Seven patients with no evidence of gastro-intestinal disease served as controls. Pancreatic scanning provided eight false positive and two false negative results (23.3%) and with 75Se-Selenomethionine excretion at 105-150 minutes, six false results were obtained (14%). In only one patient was a false positive result obtained with both scans and the 75Se-Selenomethionine test. The performance of conventional and subtraction scans of the pancreas with measurement of 75Se-Selenomethionine activity in the duodenal aspirate collected from 105-150 minutes after injection provides a convenient means of testing pancreatic exocrine function in a single three hour session.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1975

Chronic gastritis--a simple classification.

Gastric mucosal biopsy specimens from 241 patients with examined. Chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration of the gastric mucosa was found in 181 patients and this graded as mild, moderate or severe. The presence or absence of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia was noted. True superficial gastritis was observed in only three cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Relation between hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the ascorbic acid in leucocytes of patients with liver disease.

1. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity and leucocyte ascorbic acid content was measured in thirty-five patients with liver disease and in ten control subjects with duodenal ulcer. The patients with liver disease were divided into three groups consisting of non-drinkers, moderate drinkers and alcoholic/heavy drinkers. 2. There was no significant difference in hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity between the groups with liver disease, but all patients had less than half the hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity of the control subjects (P less than 0-001). 3. The ascorbic acid in leucocytes was significantly lower in the alcoholic/heavy drinker group than that in the control subjects (P less than 0-02) when the Student's t-test was applied, but no significant difference was found when the Mann-Whitney U-test was used. 4. A correlation coefficient of r = 0-77 (P less than 0-001) was observed among the thirty-five patients with liver disease when hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity was compared with leucocyte ascorbic acid content. An insignificant correlation (r = 0-332) was found in the control subjects with no liver disease. 5. This comparison was also significant among non-drinkers with liver disease (r = 0-873; P less than 0-001), moderate drinkers (r = 0-739; P less than 0-02) and alcoholic/heavy drinkers (r = 0-702; P less than 0-005). 6. The addition of ascorbic acid in vitro (0-5-10 mmol/1) had no effect on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. 7. The relation between hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activity and leucocyte ascorbic acid content is probably a consequence of liver disease, as opposed to any specific effect of ascorbic acid deficiency of alcohol consumption on alcohol dehydrogenase activity.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

Assessment of Peroheme-40 for the presence of occult blood in the faeces.

Peroheme 40, a chemical test for occult blood in faeces, has been assessed by comparing it with results obtained using 51Cr labelled red cells. The study was carried out in two parts. Initially testing was carried out on 75 stool samples from 20 patients on a restricted diet, and in the second part, testing was performed on 40 samples from 10 patients on a normal ward diet. All patients were suspected of losing blood from the gastrointestinal tract. On the restricted diet there were 29 per cent false positive and 13 per cent false negative results, while on the normal diet, there were 86 per cent false positive and 8 per cent false negative results. Peroheme-40 has therefore been shown, on a restricted diet, to compare favourably with previously available chemical tests.

2,6-Dichloroindophenol↗
PubMed1974

Ascorbic acid deficiency in malignant diseases: a clinical and biochemical study.

In a study of the vitamin C status of 50 patients with malignant disease, 46 had leucocyte levels less than the lower limit of the normal range (18-50,μg/10(8) W.B.C.) and of these 30 had very low levels (< 12.5 μg/10(8) W.B.C.). Physical signs compatible with subclinical scurvy were frequently recorded and there was a significant decrease in capillary fragility in those with the lowest levels. Most patients had an inadequate dietary intake of ascorbic acid-containing foods and this was felt to be the major factor in producing the vitamin depletion.

Adult↗