Biomedical subjects

N L Bell

Publications and source records attributed to N L Bell.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Comparison of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition with university students.

This study examined the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition (PPVT-III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) using 40 adults who ranged in age from 18 to 41 (mean age of 22 years). Participants were administered the PPVT-III and WAIS-III in counterbalanced fashion to control for order effects. Results revealed that the PPVT-III score was related to the WAIS-III Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores but unrelated to the Performance IQ (PIQ) score. In addition, analyses indicated that, while there were no significant differences between the PPVT-III score and WAIS-III mean FSIQ and PIQ scores, the PPVT-III mean score was significantly lower than the WAIS-III VIQ. Further analysis indicated that the PPVT-III adequately estimated WAIS-III FSIQ and VIQ scores for participants who were classified as Average or High Average on the WAIS-III. However, for participants in the Superior range, the PPVT-III tended to underestimate FSIQ and VIQ scores by approximately 10 points.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The validity of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence as a measure of fluid intelligence.

The current investigation examined the validity of the Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI), an intelligence test that is purported to measure fluid intelligence. The CTONI was evaluated in comparison with the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT), an established measure of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Ninety-seven adults were administered these instruments in counterbalanced order. Results indicated that the sample's mean CTONI Nonverbal IQ (NIQ) deviated significantly from the mean KAIT Crystallized, Fluid, and Composite IQs. The CTONI mean NIQ underestimated KAIT Fluid and Composite IQs when individual participants were subdivided into existing KAIT ability categories and mean score comparisons were made. Results also indicated that the CTONI NIQ correlated strongly and positively with the KAIT Composite and Fluid IQs. Furthermore, the CTONI Geometric NIQ scale clearly demonstrated discriminant and convergent validity, whereas, the CTONI Pictorial NIQ (PNIQ) did not.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Use of the child development inventory to screen high-risk populations.

This study examined the validity of a parent-report inventory, the Child Development Inventory (CDI), as a developmental screening instrument in high-risk toddlers and preschoolers. Seventy-six children, aged 15-70 months, were assessed in a neonatal high-risk developmental follow-up clinic. The data included the completion of CDIs by parents/caregivers and developmental evaluations by a physician using either the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) (15-35 months) or Slosson Intelligence Test (36-70 months). Analysis revealed a good level of sensitivity (true "abnormals"--73%) and specificity (true "normals"--87%) for the CDI General Development score. The findings suggested that the CDI is a valid and useful screening instrument for high-risk infants.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

The breast radiation injury litigation and the clinical oncologist.

A number of women with breast cancer believed they were suffering injury because radiotherapy had been given negligently. In March 1995, their solicitors were permitted by the High Court, to select 10 cases in order to further a group action. In the legal exchanges which followed, the principal issues put forward by the plaintiffs went through a number of modifications until finally, in December 1997, they were abandoned. Two cases came to trial and after a hearing of 21 days, the Judge found no negligence. Clinical oncologists should be aware of the course of the litigation and consider the lessons to be learned.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Validation of an item-reduction short form of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition with college students.

This study investigated the comparability of item-reduction and subtest-reduction short forms of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:IV) with the complete battery in a sample of college students. All item-reduction SASs were not significantly different from the full battery SASs. Correlations for corresponding SASs and subtests between the complete and short form were highly significant, and analyses of the short-form profile supported the interpretation of individual subtests. The subtest-reduction short-form SASs were significantly lower than both the item-reduction short form and the full battery. Thus, an item-reduction short form proved to be a more comparable estimate of the full battery composite than the subtest-reduction short form.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Clinical utility of Kaufman's "amazingly" short forms of the WAIS-R with educable mentally retarded adolescents.

This study investigated the comparability between three "amazingly" short forms of the WAIS-R (a dyad, triad, and tetrad) suggested by Kaufman, Ishikuma, and Kaufman-Packer (1991) and the complete battery among a sample of 114 educable mentally handicapped adolescents. Results indicate that the short forms are highly correlated with the complete battery Full Scale IQs, and all three short forms yielded scores, on average, within 2 points of the complete battery. Analyses at an individual level revealed that more than 90% of the sample fell within 3 SEM (9 points) of the FSIQ for all three short forms. Overall results are consistent with previous studies and support the use of these "amazingly" short forms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1969

Current research on regenerative systems.

Multiple studies directed toward the development of a regenerative life support system have shown that easily synthesized organic compounds and microbiological materials are potentially capable of being used as foods for long-duration space missions. Animal feeding studies have supported these views. The organic compounds presently believed to offer the greatest potential are glycerol, simple glycerol derivatives such as triacetin, and formose sugars. Laboratory studies indicate that glycerol can be synthesized from formaldehyde which in turn is obtained by the direct catalytic oxidation of methane, a by-product of the Sabatier reaction used in spacecraft atmosphere control system. Formose sugars are derived from the self-condensation of formaldehyde. Mixtures of glycerol and triacetin have been shown to be suitable as a major component of diets fed to weanling rats for prolonged periods. These compounds do not exist as stereoisomers and therefore offer advantages over the formose sugars. Hydrogenomonas eutropha is the microbiological system under investigation. An automated system for the continuous autotrophic production of Hydrogenomonas bacteria is in operation, and the nutritional requirements for growth in the system using urea as a nitrogen source are being studied. Nutritional evaluation of Hydrogenomonas bacteria has shown they are capable of supplying the total protein requirement of growing rats for prolonged periods. The potential and problems of these regenerative systems and the prospects for the accomplishment of a totally regenerative food system will be discussed.

Animals↗