Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N L Corah.
Behavioral methods of patient stress reduction during amalgam restorations were evaluated. Eighty adult patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups of 20 each: a control group, a relaxation group, a perceived control group, and an active distraction group. Both relaxation and distraction were found to be effective in reducing patient discomfort.
Relaxation and distraction techniques designed to reduce stress during operative dental procedures were evaluated with a number of different measures. The results indicate that both techniques can be effective in alleviating anxiety and reducing stress. Some findings suggested that relaxation was more effective with women than with men whereas distraction may be more effective with men than with women. Further research is needed to refine these techniques that should be readily adaptable to dental practice.
A signaling device was given to adult patients to reduce stress in the dental chair. Galvanic skin response during the dental procedures indicated that patients with the signaling device showed more arousal during high stress conditions when compared with a control group. A personality variable was also investigated.
A number of different sets of data concerning the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale were evaluated. The data indicate that the scale is a reliable, valid, and useful measure of dental anxiety. It can be successfully used in the dental office or in research projects.
Problems centered about protection of human subjects in behavioral science research are discussed. Difficulties in obtaining truly informed consent are noted. It is concluded that the risks involved to subjects are minimal in this field of research. The use of deception in psychological research is discussed along with the necessity of appropriately debriefing the subject. The use of institutional committees to protect subjects' rights is contrasted with the bureaucratic review processes of the government. It is concluded that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, the local institutional review process is likely to induce greater cooperation from investigators in protecting subjects' rights.
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Though issues discussed in this paper are generally applicable to most areas of research, the focus will be on methodological issues as they relate primarily to behavioral research with adult dental patients. The examples which are used to amplify various issues should be regarded as illustrative, no attempt has been made to be exhaustive or even representative in selecting these examples.