Ten pediatric patients, aged 8.5-19 years, with active symptomatic Crohn's disease, received a three-week period of continuous elemental enteral alimentation with no other form of treatment. All patients in this study were selected according to the following criteria, which were applied consecutively: (1) newly diagnosed patients with no previous treatment for Crohn's disease, (2) disease activity index over 200, and (3) no complication requiring surgery. All patients experienced a clinical remission and improved their immunologic and nutritional status during the elemental enteral alimentation. The mean disease activity index for the whole group was 307.0 +/- 23.6 (range: 203 to 413) before and 69.2 +/- 11.4 (range: 15 to 114) after the feeding period. Significant increases in body weight, triceps skinfold, mid-arm circumference, serum transferrin and mean percentage of T lymphocytes were also observed. Following cessation of enteral alimentation, a small declining dose of prednisone was used during a one-year follow-up period. Eight of the ten patients were still in clinical remission three months after the feeding period and their nutritional status had continued to improve during that period of time.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dried blood spots collected on filter paper: an international resource for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1.

The collection of dried blood spots (DBS) on filter paper provides a powerful approach for the development of large-scale, population-based screening programs. DBS methods are particularly valuable in developing countries and isolated rural regions where resources are limited. Large numbers of field specimens can be economically collected and shipped to centralized reference laboratories for genetic and (or) serological analysis. Alternatively, the dried blood can be stored and used as an archival resource to rapidly establish the frequency and distribution of newly recognized mutations, confirm patient identity or track the origins and emergence of newly identified pathogens. In this report, we describe how PCR-based technologies are beginning to interface with international screening programmes for the diagnosis and genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In particular, we review recent progress using DBS specimens to resolve the HIV-1 infection status of neonates, monitor the genetic evolution of HIV-1 during early infancy and establish a sentinel surveillance system for the systematic monitoring of HIV-1 genetic variation in Asia.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of HIV infection.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Canadian national survey of perinatal HIV infection 1991-1992. Canadian Paediatric AIDS Research Group (CPAR).

OBJECTIVE: To define the burden of illness and the demographic characteristics of perinatally HIV exposed children in Canada. METHODS: Two national surveys of children born to HIV-infected mothers were conducted. The first survey captured information on all known cases up to March 1991, and the second, additional cases between April 1991 and May 1992. RESULTS: 220 children born to 204 HIV-infected mothers were identified. Quebec cases increased by 20% compared with 33% in Ontario (p < .003) and 50% in the rest of the country (p < .001). Quebec has a higher proportion of black mothers than the rest of Canada (p < .001). Sexual contact continues to be the major risk factor for maternal HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: This survey confirms a substantial case load and provides an initial demographic profile of diagnosed HIV exposed infants in Canada.

Canada↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Towards an effective management of children with HIV infection in developing countries].

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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD): in vitro enhancement of bactericidal activity of CGD phagocytes by rifampicin].

In a series of 29 experiments on CGD patients, we have studied the in vitro bactericidal capacity of normal and CGD phagocytes against penicillin, streptomycin and rifampicin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal activity of phagogyte preparations was tested at different intervals during a 21 hour incubation. The CGD-phagocyte bactericidy peaks after 90 min when penicillin is used; in contrast, a significant enhancement of the bactericidal activity is noted with rifampicin and best noted after 21 hours of incubation. To elucidate the mode of action of this antibiotic, a rifampicin resistant S. aureus was used in a series of experiments; The results point to a mixt type of action: antimicrobial and metabolic.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗