PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

N Laudignon

Publications and source records attributed to N Laudignon.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Pharmacologic effects of theophylline in the newborn.

Theophylline is an effective respiratory stimulant for apnea of prematurity. In the newborn, theophylline stimulates the central nervous system, particularly the respiratory center, leading to decreased apnea frequency and increased ventilation. Neonates appear to be more sensitive to the cardiovascular effect of theophylline; tachycardia occurs at plasma concentrations of 13 mg/L. Minimal effects on renal and gastrointestinal function are observed at therapeutic doses. Augmentation in oxygen consumption and alteration in glucose homeostasis may occur, even at therapeutic doses. If used appropriately, the drug is safe and effective for the treatment of neonatal apnea.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of phenobarbital on cerebral blood flow in the newborn piglet under stress.

Heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured in 12 newborn piglets (6 controls and 6 pretreated with 20 mg/kg phenobarbital), under two different stresses: pain stimulation and intravenous injection of 2.5 mg/kg phenylephrine. Phenobarbital prevented pain-induced tachycardia (p less than 0.05 versus controls) but failed to prevent hemodynamic changes induced by phenylephrine. CBF remained relatively constant throughout the study. A better correlation between cerebral vascular resistance and MABP was noted in the phenobarbital group (r = 0.58, p less than 0.01) than in the controls (r = 0.15, p = NS), suggesting that phenobarbital potentiates the vasoconstrictor effect of catecholamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Laryngitis in newborn infants. Apropos of 3 cases].

Laryngoscopic examination of new-born infants with laryngeal dyspnea or dysphonia usually reveals a congenital lesion, but true infections laryngitis, although rare, does still exist. Three cases are reviewed and the literature searched. Functional laryngeal signs are non-pathognomonic, all three levels of the larynx may be affected by inflammation, and pathogenic agents may be viral (herpes), bacterial (Haemophilus Para-Influenzae) or mycotic. In two of the cases reported confirmation of diagnosis was by local swab under laryngoscopic guidance. Recovery occurred after medical treatment alone and intubation was not required in any of the three patients. These findings emphasize the value of laryngoscopy with swab in all neonates with dyspnea or dysphonia in an infectious context.

Dyspnea↗
PubMed1981

[Simultaneous assessment of intra-pulmonary right-to-left shunting and of aADCO2 in 5 neonates with refractory hypoxemia (author's transl)].

Five neonates with refractory hypoxemia (aortic PO2 less than or equal to 6.7 KPa despite FiO2 = 1 and efficient artificial ventilation) were investigated in order to determine the principal mechanism of hypoxemia. PO2 values were measured (under FiO2 = 1) in a pulmonary vein, the left auricle and the aorta. They were used to distinguish intra-pulmonary shunts from extra-pulmonary shunts (though foramen ovale and/or ductus arteriosus). Simultaneous measurements of PACO2 and PaCO2 were used to assess the percentage of the ventilation output reaching hypoperfused areas. In cases with extra-pulmonary shunt, when this percentage is over 30%, pulmonary hypertension is likely. The use of both methods is useful for selecting those patients who might benefit from tolazoline.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1980

[Hyaline membrane disease in full-term neonates (author's transl)].

Eleven full term neonates with respiratory distress syndrome resembling hyaline membrane disease (HMD) are reported. Gestational ages awere assessed from the history and by clinical and EEG criteria. The diagnosis of HMD was made when clinical and radiological signs, usually present in premature infants, were found together with an abnormal lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the tracheal aspirate during the first 60 hours. In the majority of newborns all organs should be mature after 37 weeks gestation but, development may be delayed. Thus the lungs in the full term infants may occasionally have an immature surfactant system.

Female↗
PubMed1980

[Twin pregnancy, indomethacin and neonatal cyanosis (author's transl)].

Two twins born to a mother who had been treated with Indomethacin at the end of pregnancy presented with variable but transitory hypoxemia. Blood Indomethacin determination suggested that this disorder was iatrogenic in origin. Clinical, experimental and pharmacological data in the literature support the hypothesis that this condition was due to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Hemineurine: an always present hazard in children].

Chlormethiazole, a hypnotic and sedative drug that selectively inhibits the cerebral cortex is occasionally used in status epilepticus in children. A child aged 18 months is described who developed toxic side effects. This drug, given as an alcoholic solution is highly toxic if used inappropriately.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research prospects with benfluorex.

The recent recognition that insulin resistance is associated with a number of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has increased the interest in agents that are able to improve insulin sensitivity. The capacity of benfluorex (Médiator) to enhance insulin action has led to much speculation regarding its mechanism of action. Chronic benfluorex treatment, in a variety of genetic and dietary animal models of diabetes and insulin resistance, has been shown to diminish, circulating insulin levels and to decrease blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. From these studies, it is possible to postulate a multifactorial mode of action of this drug that involves three independent but interactive processes: (1) a direct effect on insulin target tissues, mediated by mechanisms distal to the binding of insulin to its receptor, (2) modulation of the glucoregulatory hormone balance, including a diminution in both adrenal and sympathetic tone, leading to improved hepatic sensitivity to insulin, and (3) reduced hepatic and muscle lipid availability, leading to improved glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. The multiplicity of the neuroendocrine and biochemical effects of benfluorex cannot be explained by a single cellular or molecular action. It has been suggested that insulin sensitizers may act on key molecules involved in the sequence of biochemical events involving the insulin signal transduction process. The identification of these molecular targets and the determination of their relative importance in the treatment of type II diabetes remains to be established and constitutes the main subject of ongoing research with benfluorex.

Animals↗