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Biomedical subjects

N Laurian

Publications and source records attributed to N Laurian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Laryngeal reconstruction by composite nasoseptal graft after extended partial laryngectomy. Twelve-year follow-up.

Reconstruction of the larynx after extended frontal, frontolateral, or subtotal laryngectomy is a challenge to the head and neck surgeon. Over the last 12 years we have used autogenous composite nasoseptal grafts for rehabilitation of the larynx after extended partial laryngectomy in carcinoma invading the anterior commissure of the glottis. The composite graft proved to be an excellent replacement tissue and provided a dependable rigid cartilaginous wall lined by respiratory mucosa. The effectiveness of the procedure in bridging the laryngeal defect was successfully demonstrated in 29 patients. Good functional results were achieved in all of them. In our experience the nasoseptal graft is a safe and reliable single-stage procedure that provides a relatively easy and early laryngeal rehabilitation.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Scrofula revisited.

Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis, or scrofula, is a disease dating back thousands of years. In spite of modern treatment and public health measures, scrofula persists but is infrequently seen. Five patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis as a sole presentation have been seen in our department in the last 10 years. The clinical presentation and current methods of diagnosis and treatment are described. A short historical review is given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Delayed brainstem auditory evoked responses in diabetic patients.

The incidence of subclinical central diabetic neuropathy is unclear due to difficulty in detecting latent alterations of central neural transmission process. The aim of this study was to evaluate a central neuroconductive mechanism in diabetics by brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER). We found increased latencies of peaks I, III, V in diabetics as compared to control subjects. These BAER abnormalities were demonstrated in 62 per cent of insulin-controlled diabetics and in 33 per cent o patients treated by diet, or peroral drugs. No alterations in brainstem responses were observed in patients with latent diabetes. We did not find any correlation between the BAER abnormalities and the duration of the disease, the blood glucose level or the level of control of the diabetes.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1988

Primary tissue cultures of benign and malignant human thyroid tumors: effect of TSH.

Many thyroid carcinomas seem to be dependent upon the thyroid growth-promoting properties of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the in vitro effect of TSH on tissue cultures derived from malignant and benign thyroid tumors. The results indicate that TSH can affect the morphology and protein synthesis of primary tissue cultures derived from benign and malignant thyroid tumors differently. The addition of TSH to cultures derived from benign tumors resulted in a reorganization of follicle-like structures of the monolayer and in a reduction of protein synthesis. In contrast to this, monolayers derived from carcinomas of the thyroid were not able to reorganize and their protein synthesis was not inhibited in the presence of TSH. For a better understanding of TSH suppressive therapy, we suggest testing the influence of TSH on a large number of tissue cultures derived from benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1987

Surgical management of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

The most common manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HH) is recurrent epistaxis. Numerous treatments have been used over the years, none proving entirely satisfactory. We have applied a new surgical treatment in seven selected cases of HHT with severe, life-threatening epistaxis. It consists of a near-total excision of the diseased nasal mucosa and its replacement by different skin flaps or a myocutaneous flap. This procedure has been performed since 1981. We stress the reliability and versatility of using the forehead myocutaneous island flap. Our original technique is described, follow-up of the patients is reported, and the criteria for selection of treatment are discussed.

Epistaxis↗
PubMed1987

Bifid condyle of the mandible with associated polythelia and manual anomalies.

Syndromes of oro-mandibular-skeletal anomalies are confusing by their ambiguous and overlapping components. It is our purpose to bring attention to a case comprising a group of anomalies: bifid mandibular condyle, asymmetric contralateral ascending ramus of the mandible, supernumerary nipples (polythelia), supernumerary-rudimentary postaxial sixth fingers and clinodactyly. The associated malformations presented do not correspond to any previous report. The case may therefore represent a new malformation syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Otolaryngologic cases of Munchausen's syndrome.

Münchausen syndrome (MS) is now a well recognized and demonstrated entity. This syndrome is characterized by patients who seek hospitalization and present factitious but usually well-rehearsed histories and symptoms. Five cases of MS, genuine by their ear-nose-throat-maxillofacial factitious signs, are presented. Two of the cases are related to the uncommon MS by proxy. In this subentity the parents fabricate pathological signs for their children. The psychodynamics and the clinical symptoms of our cases are described and the differential diagnoses of malingering, conversion disorders, and hypochondriasis are brought to attention.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Use of human amniotic membrane in otolaryngologic practice.

Human amnion is a readily available allograft with low antigenicity, high antimicrobial potential, and the ability to foster epithelialization. We have used human amniotic membrane in our department for replacing nasal mucosa in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, as tympanic membrane grafts, and for covering head and neck sites after flap necrosis. Our experience shows moderate success for management of severe epistaxis and excellent results in covering surfaces after flap necrosis. Use of amnion in eardrum perforations was unsuccessful and was discontinued. Properties of human amniotic membrane are listed and its application in the otolaryngologic practice is reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Elongated styloid process syndrome masquerading as pain of dental origin.

An elongated styloid process may be a source of craniofacial and cervical pain. This condition is characterized by a dull, nagging, pharyngeal pain and a palpatory finding in the tonsillar fossa. Sometimes the pain is localized, or radiates to the jaw and ear and may simulate pain of dental origin. Radiographic demonstration of styloid elongation is readily made in most instances. The only effective treatment is surgical shortening of the styloid process. Eight patients undergoing surgery for elongated styloids are reported. Six were previously treated under an incorrect diagnosis such as oral, dental or temporomandibular disease, and subsequently mostly inappropriate dental treatments and exodontia were performed. An evaluation of the intraoral versus the external approach is presented. The few and isolated reported cases of stylalgia masquerading as dental pain and the ensuing mistreatment warranted the writing of this paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Delayed brainstem auditory evoked responses in experimental diabetes mellitus.

The brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were utilized for the evaluation of central neural transmission in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. The mean latencies of waves I, III, V and the interpeak latencies III-V and I-V were prolonged in diabetic rats as compared to the same rats before alloxan administration. The incidence of abnormal BAER was more frequent in the group of rats with severe diabetes (82 per cent) than in mildly diabetic animals (42 per cent). Our results may suggest the presence of a central neuropathy in experimental diabetes, which can be detected by the method of BAER.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Epiglotto-aryepiglottopexy: a surgical procedure for severe aspiration.

The loss of the protective function of the larynx is a severe complication of major ablative procedures in the upper aerodigestive tract and of certain severe neurological disorders. This may result in chronic life-threatening aspiration. Anterior pharyngotomy was used to perform epiglotto-aryepiglottopexy in four patients. The aim of this procedure is to close the laryngeal inlet and thus prevent aspiration without permanent loss of speech. In two of the patients, it was necessary to reoperate because of partial detachment of the epiglottis. This was performed successfully using the endoscopic approach. As a result, three patients have no aspiration and one has mild aspiration following epiglotto-aryepiglottopexy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent versus adult thyroid carcinoma.

Several significant differences exist between adolescent and adult thyroid carcinoma. The incidence of malignancy in nodular goiter is higher in children than it is in adults. Thyroid cancer in childhood and adolescence has a slightly lower predilection for female than for male subjects, as compared to adult patients. The younger patients have a predominance of well-differentiated carcinomas which are more likely to be papillary. The lesions in the young age group tend to be more advanced locally and systemically at the time of diagnosis, but are associated with a much better prognosis. Previous irradiation to the head and neck is considered to be an important pathogenetic factor of thyroid carcinoma in children as well as in adults. The epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and surgical findings in eight patients with thyroid carcinoma younger than 20 years compared to the findings in 96 patients with the same disease older than 20 years are reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Facial palsy following stapedectomy: (a case report).

A case of peripheral facial palsy which appeared 8 days following ipsilateral stapedectomy, was diagnosed as Bell's palsy. We stress the uncommon coincidence of the two events and the important implications in the treatment of a palsy appearing after middle ear surgery. Bell's palsy is an unusual but real possibility which should be borne in mind before deciding on extended surgical exploration.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Conservative surgical management of invasive differentiated thyroid cancer.

The majority of well differentiated thyroid carcinoma are tumours of low grade malignancy. Laryngotracheal invasion by well differentiated thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon occurrence. The surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer invading the upper airway has primarily been by total laryngectomy. Other surgeons recommend in selected cases partial laryngeal and/or tracheal resection. A total of 122 patients with thyroid carcinoma were treated in our department between 1967 and 1982. Only seven patients with well differentiated tumours had airway invasion. In these seven patients we used a partial laryngeal and/or tracheal resection. In three of the patients with tracheal invasion a myoperichondrial flap was used for closing the tracheal defect. A partial resection of the larynx and trachea, and end to end anastomosis between the trachea and the remaining part of the larynx was performed in another four patients. The techniques used and a long-term follow-up are presented (Table I).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Auditory brain stem response in experimentally induced hypothyroidism in albino rats.

In order to elucidate the relationship between the auditory function and the thyroid state, experiments were designed to study the effect of hypothyroidism on the onset of auditory brain stem response (ABR) in 26 adult myxedematous albino rats. A state of hypothyroidism was induced by daily oral administration of 6-N-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU). In 23 out of 26 rats we found minor changes in the amplitudes of all ABR waves without any correlation with the rats' T4 variation. We noted a conspicuous, dynamic, and reversible change in the amplitude of the third wave (N3) of ABR which correlates directly with the thyroxin (T4) levels in the rats' blood. The electrophysiological finding in this report indicates a lesion in the auditory tracts in the brain stem but mainly in the second main relay station of the central auditory pathway, i.e., the superior olivary complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Elongated styloid process syndrome: intraoral versus external approach for styloid surgery.

Elongated styloid process is a source of craniofacial and cervical pain. This condition is characterized by a dull, nagging, pharyngeal pain and a palpatory finding in the tonsillar fossa. Radiologic demonstration of styloid elongation is readily made in most instances. The incidence and pathogenesis of the styloid syndrome are discussed and the differential diagnosis detailed. The only effective treatment is surgical shortening of the styloid process. Eight patients undergoing surgery for elongated styloids are reported and the intraoral and external surgical approaches are presented. The external cervical approach is preferred since surgical visualization is optimal and the risk of deep cervical infection is minimal.

Adult↗