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Biomedical subjects

N Lazebnik

Publications and source records attributed to N Lazebnik.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of ranitidine on bupivacaine disposition.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of ranitidine on bupivacaine disposition in 28 women undergoing cesarean section. Before epidural anesthesia, ranitidine (50 mg IM) or sodium citrate (30 mL orally) was administered to groups of 14 parturients each. Ranitidine was administered 2 h before epidural anesthesia and sodium citrate was administered 10 min before the epidural. Maternal plasma samples were collected after epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine. A total of 15 maternal plasma samples were taken from the time of administration of epidural anesthesia up to 180 min. Postpartum plasma and urine samples were also collected from both mothers and neonates. Plasma samples were collected up to 48 h postpartum at intervals of 12, 24, and 48 h. Urine samples were collected at six 6-h intervals up to 36 h postpartum. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures demonstrated that there was no significant difference in bupivacaine levels between the maternal plasma curves of the ranitidine and the control groups. At the time of delivery, plasma levels of bupivacaine and its N-dealkylated metabolite PPX (2,6-pipecolylxylidine) were no different in the mothers or neonates of either group. There was no significant difference in plasma protein binding of bupivacaine in the presence of ranitidine. The excretion rates of bupivacaine and PPX were not measurably influenced by ranitidine. The amount of bupivacaine excreted, the amount of metabolite excreted, and the percentage of drug excreted as metabolite in maternal urine were not significantly different. These data indicate that there is no measurable effect of ranitidine on the disposition of bupivacaine in parturients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection of fetal blood contamination by amniotic fluid obtained during cordocentesis.

When a fetal blood sample is obtained by cordocentesis it is important to know whether the sample is diluted with amniotic fluid. This study was designed to assess whether contaminated fetal blood samples could be discriminated from noncontaminated ones by the ferning test, and if so what is the minimum dilution ratio of amniotic fluid/fetal blood that is detectable. Fetal blood samples were diluted with amniotic fluid and were tested for ferning under the microscope after the plasma was separated from the cells. At a dilution ratio of 0.2 ml of amniotic fluid to 1 ml of fetal blood, 30% of the samples tested positive for ferning. A rate of 100% detection of ferning was achieved at a dilution ratio of 0.6:1. In conclusion, screening fetal blood samples for ferning can detect amniotic fluid contamination. The sensitivity of the test for ferning depends on the dilution ratio. The test cannot assess how much amniotic fluid was added to the blood sample.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1989

Intravenous, deltoid, or gluteus administration of meperidine during labor?

It has been suggested, but not well verified, that drug absorption from traditional intramuscular injection sites is altered during labor. This study tested the hypothesis that absorption of meperidine from the gluteus muscle would be impeded when compared with deltoid or intravenous administration. Five patients in labor were given 50 mg intravenously, 10 were given 50 mg in the gluteus muscle, and five were given 50 mg in the deltoid muscle. Five nonpregnant subjects served as their own controls for all three routes of administration. Blood samples were obtained at intervals after injection, meperidine was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and mean plasma levels of meperidine versus time after administration were plotted. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine whether the curves were significantly different from 30 to 150 minutes. Maternal plasma levels after gluteus injection were significantly lower than those after intravenous injection (F[1,8] = 10.53; p less than 0.01). In nonpregnant subjects, drug levels were not significantly different from 30 to 150 minutes after either gluteus or intravenous injection. Plasma levels after deltoid injection were always higher than those after gluteus injection in both pregnant and nonpregnant subjects (F[1,8] = 9.7; p less than 0.02; F[1,8] = 14.5; p less than 0.004). These findings support impaired absorption of drugs from the gluteus muscle and suggest the deltoid muscle as the favored intramuscular site during labor.

Absorption↗
PubMed1989

Zinc, cadmium, and hypertension in parturient women.

Zinc deficiency and cadmium toxicity have both been implicated in hypertension during pregnancy. The goals of this study were twofold: first, to assess the different zinc indices (plasma, red blood cell zinc, heat-labile alkaline phosphatase, and placental zinc) in normotensive and hypertensive parturients to determine whether they are altered in the different types of hypertension that occur during pregnancy; second, to assess whole-blood cadmium and placental cadmium with regard to hypertension and zinc status. Patients were diagnosed as having chronic hypertension or preeclamptic toxemia and were then further divided into groups on the basis of smoking status. Each patient was matched with a normal control subject based on age, parity, and smoking status. Forty-three hypertensive patients and their matched control subjects were studied. No differences were found in the various zinc indices between chronic hypertensive parturients and normal control subjects. However, in parturients with preeclamptic toxemia, the plasma zinc level was 19% lower than in control subjects (p less than 0.02); these patients had the lowest plasma zinc level of the three groups. Placental zinc was also 12% lower in patients with preeclamptic toxemia than in control subjects (p less than 0.04). Whole-blood cadmium and placental cadmium levels did not differ between control subjects or hypertensive patients. However, a significant positive correlation was found between whole-blood cadmium and plasma zinc levels in preeclamptic toxemia (r = 0.53; p less than 0.05). The results support a marginal zinc deficiency in parturients with preeclamptic toxemia but not in those with chronic hypertension. The role of cadmium in the cause of preeclamptic toxemia remains unclear.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

The effect of race on serum ferritin during parturition.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in ferritin levels due to race were large enough to alter interpretation of ferritin test results during pregnancy. Patients were screened for hemoglobinopathies and other diseases known to affect ferritin levels. Maternal blood samples were obtained at delivery and analyzed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin. One hundred thirty-four white and 69 black parturients were studied. Race was found to significantly affect serum ferritin levels p less than 0.001). Whereas blacks had a mean hemoglobin level 0.6 g/dl lower than whites, their mean serum ferritin level was 7.6 ng/ml higher (18.97 +/- 13.6 vs 11.41 +/- 9). No differences were found in the number of red blood cells, smoking status, or most other clinical variables. The mean serum ferritin level of anemic black parturients was higher, although not significantly different, than that of white nonanemic parturients (14.2 +/- 9.5 vs 12.1 +/- 9.4 ng/ml). Furthermore, increasing parity significantly decreased serum ferritin in both races (p less than 0.004). This was not due to differences in the interval between pregnancies. The results show conclusively that black parturients have significantly higher ferritin levels than white parturients. Therefore, different norms need to be established for blacks and whites if ferritin is used to screen for anemia during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Zinc status, pregnancy complications, and labor abnormalities.

Maternal plasma zinc levels, red blood cell levels, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were used as indices of zinc status in 279 pregnant women at delivery and were compared with the incidence of complications during the antenatal period and major dysfunctional labor patterns. The median values for plasma zinc, red blood cell zinc, and alkaline phosphatase were used as cutoff points to subdivide the patient population into "low" and "high" groups. Low levels of maternal plasma zinc were associated with more complications in the antenatal or intrapartum periods than maternal levels of either alkaline phosphatase or red blood cell zinc. Plasma zinc levels less than the median value were more commonly associated with mild toxemia (p = 0.02), vaginitis (p = 0.01), and postdates (p = 0.01) in the antenatal period. During the intrapartum period, low plasma zinc levels were associated with a prolonged latent phase (p = 0.05), a protracted active phase (p = 0.04), labor greater than 20 hours (p = 0.03), second stage greater than 2.5 hours (p = 0.01), and cervical and vaginal lacerations (p = 0.02). Low levels of maternal alkaline phosphatase were strongly associated with a history of previous stillbirth (p = 0.0005). A low maternal red blood cell zinc level was not associated with complications during either period. Since a low plasma zinc level is a valid predictor of pregnancy complications and abnormal labor, the results suggest that plasma zinc screening, as part of the patient's antenatal workup should be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of maternal smoking on the relationship between maternal and fetal zinc status and infant birth weight.

We have previously reported a trapping of zinc in the placenta directly related to circulating cadmium that comes from cigarette smoke. The purpose of this study was to examine in detail the effect of smoking on (a) the relationship between maternal and fetal zinc status and (b) the relationship between zinc status and birth weight. One hundred and eighteen smokers and 172 nonsmokers without any medical complications during pregnancy were studied. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to assess zinc status in maternal and cord vein plasma and red blood cells. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was also determined as an index of zinc status. Thiocyanate was used as an index of smoking status. The data were analyzed using univariate correlations and repeated measures analysis of variance. Infants of smokers had a statistically significant decrease in plasma zinc (5%), alkaline phosphatase (13%), and in cord vein RBC zinc (12%). Furthermore, the results showed an altered relationship between maternal and fetal indices of zinc status and zinc status and birth weight due to maternal smoking. The infant of the nonsmoking mother appears to be able to maintain adequate zinc status due to depletion of maternal zinc. However, it appears that the infant of the smoking mother may be marginally zinc deficient. These findings support studies of zinc supplementation in the pregnancy complicated by smoking.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Conservative surgery in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: report of a case with an eight-year follow-up.

The patient described here, with malignant non-beta islet cell tumor of the head of the pancreas, was treated by resection of the tumor and metastases. Additional pathology of perforated duodenal ulcer and pyloric stenosis required vagotomy and pyloroplasty. The maintenance of normal gastrin levels after the operation indicates a good prognosis. We believe that the low-risk Zollinger-Ellison patient should be treated surgically and the tumor removed. When no tumor can be detected, parietal cell vagotomy should be performed to assist the pharmacological control of the gastric acid hypersecretion. Extensive surgery, such as total gastrectomy, is no longer the treatment of choice and is reserved for the so-called "cimetidine failure."

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Endobronchial metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Endobronchial metastasis from nonpulmonary carcinoma is rare. A case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is presented and the literature reviewed. Severe haemoptysis was the initial symptom leading to the finding of a bronchial polypoid mass.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1985

Bilateral breast cancer.

Between the years 1972 and 1982, 1,880 women were treated for breast cancer at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. One thousand two hundred fifteen detailed charts are included in our study. Sixty-six patients (5.4%) were diagnosed as having bilateral breast cancer. The mean age at first tumor diagnosis was 55.1 years. Bilateral breast cancer appears to be more common in nulligravidas and women who have delivered up to two children. In patients where the first tumor was greater than 4 cm in diameter, there was a higher incidence of a second tumor. A total of 65.2% of all patients who developed a second breast tumor had no axillary lymph node metastasis at the time the first breast tumor was diagnosed. There was no correlation between the histological types of the first and second tumors. The longer the woman survived after the first cancer diagnosis, the greater the likelihood of her developing a second tumor; the longer the interval between the diagnosis of the two cancers, the better the survival rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gentamicin serum half-life: a comparison between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

The serum half-life of gentamicin following an intravenous dose was compared between 19 pregnant women (28-34 weeks of pregnancy) with premature rupture of the membranes and 17 non-pregnant women with pelvic inflammatory disease, the groups being age and weight matched. A significant reduction of gentamicin half-life was found in the pregnant group.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Decreased prolactin secretion by decidual tissue of pre-eclampsia in vitro.

In vitro prolactin (hPrl) secretion by explants of decidual tissue was studied in pre-eclampsia and normal controls. Our results indicate diminished hPrl production by decidua of pre-eclampsia as compared to the normal controls. Incubation of normal decidual tissue in the presence of serum obtained from pre-eclamptic patients did not induce an inhibitory effect on hPrl production.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1985

Lipoma of the colon. A report of 22 cases.

A series of 22 cases of lipomas of the colon is presented. Fourteen patients had small (mean size, 12.5 mm), asymptomatic colon lipomas which were diagnosed incidently. In four of these patients, more than one lipoma was found. Eight patients had one larger (mean size, 70.5 mm) symptomatic lipoma. The symptomatic patients were older (mean age, 64.3 years) than the asymptomatic patients (mean age, 54.7 years). While small lipomas do not generally give symptoms, it seems that the symptoms of larger lipomas are mainly due to mechanical interference in colonic passage or ulceration of the mucosa that covers the lipoma.

Adult↗