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Biomedical subjects

N Lin

Publications and source records attributed to N Lin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome--5 years experience.

Monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) and efforts to keep the ICP below the critical level are vital in the treatment of Reye's syndrome. Continuous monitoring of ICP was carried out in 21 cases of Reye's syndrome who were at or beyond stage III at the time of admission to the Veterans General Hospital, between January 1981 and August 1986. Seventeen had ICP ranging from 15 mmHg to 67 mmHg. Three patients died, 1 in stage V with an ICP of 67 mmHg received a craniectomy, and 2 others were in stage IV with ICP's of 66 mmHg and 25 mmHg, respectively. The fatality rate was 14% (3/21). Among 18 patients, 5 had moderate psychomotor retardation (PMR), 4 had severe PMR and 2 had mild PMR. The remaining 7 patients survived without sequelae. Blood exchange transfusion could further reduce ICP and seemed to improve neurologic outcome. Blood ammonia higher than 400 micrograms% is indicative of a bad prognosis. Hyperventilation was the most rapid and effective means of reducing moderate degrees of increased ICP. During intensive supportive care, we also found that coughing, endotracheal intubation, seizures, asynchronous respiration to an artificial respirator, suction of the airway and any painful stimulation caused further increases in ICP and worsened the situation. Care should be given to avoid these factors.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1990

[An autopsy case of quadruple carcinoma].

Discussed is a case of male cancer patient whose initial lesion was a transitional cell carcinoma of the left renal pelves. A bladder tumor (TCC) was subsequently found 6 months after a left nephro-ureterectomy. After treatment of these tumors, the patient remained well for 8 years. An inoperable lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) then developed 6 months prior to death. The patient died of an aneurysmal rupture of the ascending aorta. At autopsy, 2 latent carcinomas were identified, one in the prostate and the their in the thyroid gland. If the renal pelvic and the bladder tumors and the lung carcinomas were all independent, this would seem to be a case of six-fold carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Measuring depressive symptomatology in China.

A study was conducted on a representative sample of 1000 residents in Tianjin, China to construct a scale of depressive symptoms. From items and criteria developed in the West and statements and expressions understood by the Chinese, a set of 26 statements was formulated. After a series of psychometric (reliability and validity) analyses, it was proposed that a set of 22 items form the Chinese Depressive Symptom Scale (CDS-22) and that a subset of 16 items (CDS-16) constitute the abbreviated version. Comparisons of the levels and patterns of symptomatology in China as measured by such scales with those found in the United States show considerable similarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Study in cytotoxicity of gentamycin to corneal epithelium and endothelium in tissue culture.

A study in cytotoxicity of gentamycin to tissue-cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells and rabbit corneal epithelial cells is reported. When the cultured cells reached confluence, they were exposed to tissue culture media containing gentamycin for 6 hours. We found that 0.5% gentamycin caused significant damage to corneal epithelial cells--diffuse plasmolysis, with scattered cell necrosis and 5% loss. While corneal endothelial cells were exposed to 1.6 mg/ml gentamycin, extensive cell loss (approximately 15%) was observed. The damaged cells recovered their normal morphology after 24 hours. When the concentration of gentamycin increased twice, serious damage to cells occurred. The area of cell loss reached 40%, and the recovery of cellular morphology was much slower. This study demonstrates that gentamycin potential cytotoxicity to corneal epithelium and endothelium, suggesting that gentamycin should be rationally used in the treatment of ocular diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Tissue culture of infant corneal endothelial cells].

The authors report a new technique to culture infant corneal endothelial cells. 38 donor corneas were from sudden death infants aged from 5 days to 18 months. Corneal endothelial cells with Descemet's membrane were stripped from the stroma. After actions of trypsin, collagenase and hyaluronidase, the pure corneal endothelial cells were cultured at 35 degrees C, in 95% air and 5% CO2. The cells grew well without adding any mitogen in the tissue culture medium and attained confluency in 2-3 weeks, when they morphologically resembled natural corneal endothelium. With this technique, sufficient quantities of normal live cells become available for researches of human corneal endothelial cells.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study on transplantation of tissue-cultured human corneal endothelium].

The Descemet's membrane of rabbit corneas denuded of endothelium were seeded with tissue cultured human corneal endothelial cells, which were then transplanted onto rabbit corneas. Postoperative slit lamp examination and ultrasonic pachymetry were performed, and histopathology and immunofluorescein staining of the transplants were studied 4 of 7 transplants grew clear rapidly and the corneal thickness returned to normal within 2-3 weeks. The 3 others were primary donor failures. 2 of the 4 clear transplants later showed phenomenon of immune rejection. The 2 control transplants with no endothelial cell transplantation did not clear up at all. The study demonstrated that after transplantation, tissue cultured human corneal endothelial cells were able to adhere firmly onto Descemet's membrane with normal appearance and physiological function. Also, xenogenic corneal endothelial transplantation could elicit severe immune rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Acute peritoneal dialysis in low birth weight infants].

Between September 1986 and April 1988, five low birth weight infants weighing 950 gm to 2250 gm required acute peritoneal dialysis due to acute anuric renal failure. Severe hyaline membrane disease was the most common explanation for acute renal failure. All infants had severe electrolytes imbalance and fluid retention with generalized edema, which increased ventilation requirements and severely limited fluid intake. The volume of each exchange varied between 10-20 ml/kg. Four of five infants had good ultrafiltration (3.52 +/- 2.43 ml/kg/hr, mean +/- SD). Ultrafiltration was not achieved in one due to poor peripheral perfusion. Electrolytes imbalance were corrected in all patients. Although four infants died, one case given up further care after renal failure had improved, and one died of septic shock after renal function had recovered. Only one infant survived with complete recovery of renal function. We believe that early dialysis is likely to reduce both morbidity and mortality of acute renal failure in low birth weight infants.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical observation of neonatal sepsis].

Sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. From January 1983 to April 1988, 166 cases of neonatal sepsis with positive blood cultures were collected at V.G.H.--Taichung. Among them 140 newborn babies were delivered at private clinic (outborn babies), 26 cases were inborn babies. Of the inborn babies, 20 cases (76.9%) were early onset sepsis (the onset of illness within 96 hours of life) and 6 cases (23.1%) were late onset sepsis (the onset of illness beyond 96 hours of life). Off the outborn babies, 64 cases (45.7%) were early onset sepsis and 76 cases (54.3%) were late onset sepsis. The Gram positive organism (51.9%) was more common than the Gram negative organism in the inborn babies, on contrary, the Gram negative organism (59.0%) was more common in the outborn babies. The most common pathogenic organism of the inborn babies was Enterococcus (22.2%) and E. coli (22.2%), followed by Pseudomonas spp (11.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%). The most common pathogenic organism of the outborn babies was Enterococcus (17.4%), followed by E. coli (16.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%) and Klebsiella spp (8.1%). The antibiotics sensitivity tests to the pathogens didn't show any significant difference between these two group babies. In this clinical study, we found that the first choices of antibiotics were ampicillin plus aminoglycosides. The clinical symptoms and signs were nonspecific. The most common findings were lethargy, fever, hypothermia and poor feeding. Of the inborn babies, 17 cases (65.4%) had the predisposing factor(s). Of the outborn babies, 42 cases (30%) had the predisposing factor(s).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗
PubMed1988

Identification of the receptor for erythropoietin on human and murine erythroleukemia cells and modulation by phorbol ester and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Erythropoietin, a glycoprotein that regulates erythropoiesis, initiates its biological effects by binding to a cell-surface receptor. Little is known about the structure of the erythropoietin receptor and the events that follow binding of erythropoietin to its receptor, in part because of the difficulty of obtaining sufficient quantities of cells that express the erythropoietin receptor. We used both iodinated and metabolically labeled erythropoietin to characterize the receptor on a variety of erythroleukemia cell lines not previously tested, and we have identified both human and murine cell lines that display large numbers of erythropoietin receptors. Both erythropoietin-responsive and -nonresponsive cell lines exhibit a single class of binding sites. The human erythroleukemia cell line OCIM1 exhibits approximately 3000 erythropoietin receptors per cell with a Kd of 280 pM. The erythropoietin-responsive Rauscher red 5-1.5 murine erythroleukemia cell line displays approximately 1700 receptors per cell with a Kd of 440 pM. The GM979 murine erythroleukemia cell line has approximately 1600 receptors per cell with a Kd of 660 pM. Induction of the erythroid phenotype by dimethyl sulfoxide or its suppression by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate was accompanied by an increase or decrease, respectively, in erythropoietin receptor number. Affinity crosslinking of labeled erythropoietin to the receptor identified two proteins corresponding to estimated molecular masses of 95 and 105 kDa. The OCIM1, Rauscher, and GM979 erythroleukemia cell lines provide a useful model for the study of postreceptor signaling events, as well as a convenient source for purification of the erythropoietin receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin 1 stimulates fibroblasts to synthesize granulocyte-macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors. Mechanism for the hematopoietic response to inflammation.

IL-1 is a family of polypeptides which play a critical role in the inflammatory response. Characteristics of this response include an enhanced release of bone marrow neutrophils, activation of circulating and tissue-phase phagocytes, and enhanced production of neutrophils and monocytes. We have sought to understand the hematopoietic response to acute and chronic inflammatory states on a cellular and molecular level. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoproteins involved in the production and activation of neutrophils and monocytes in vitro and in vivo. We have found that quiescent dermal fibroblasts constitutively release granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), and macrophage CSF in culture, and that picomolar concentrations of the inflammatory mediator IL-1 stimulate by at least fivefold the transcription and release of GM-CSF and G-CSF. These findings establish the role of IL-1 in the hematopoietic response to inflammation through the stimulation of the production and release of GM-CSF and G-CSF.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20.

On April 16, 1979, Massachusetts raised its legal drinking age from 18 to 20 years. Massachusetts was compared with New York State, exclusive of New York City and Nassau County. New York State retained an 18-year-old drinking age. Random telephone surveys with approximately 1,000 16-19 year olds in each state were undertaken prior to the law's enactment and twice at yearly intervals after the law to assess the law's impact on teenage drinking, driving after drinking, and non-fatal accident involvement. Fatal crash data reported to the US Department of Transportation by each state from April 16, 1976-April 15, 1981 were also analyzed. After the law, although the modes of procuring alcohol changed. No significant changes were observed in Massachusetts relative to New York in the proportion of surveyed teenagers who reported that they drank or in the volume of their consumption. The proportion of teenagers who drove after drinking heavily (six or more drinks at one time) did not decline in Massachusetts relative to New York. However, the frequency that teenagers reported driving after any drinking declined significantly in Massachusetts. Frequency of teenage driving after marijuana use and non-fatal teenage accidents declined at comparable rates in both states. The numbers of teenage nighttime single vehicle fatal accidents declined more in Massachusetts than New York, in the 18-19 year age group. Overall fatal accident trends among 16-19 year olds in the two states were similar.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1981

Properties of a human alpha-interferon purified from E. coli extracts.

A human alpha interferon, designated HuIFN-alpha A, produced in E. coli by direct expression of cloned cDNA [Goeddel et al., Nature 287, 411--416 (1980)] has been purified from bacterial extracts and characterized. The protein has a molecular weight (19,400 by SDS/PAGE) and amino acid composition consistent with the DNA sequence. The pI was determined to be 6.1. The molecule has a specific activity of 1.5 x 10(8) NIH reference units/mg of protein. The sequence of the first 35 amino acids is identical to that expected from the nucleotide sequence. About 50% of the molecules begin with the expected cysteine, and 50% begin with the initiator methionine which E. coli apparently did not remove efficiently. Analysis of a trypsin digest of the native molecule showed that all four of the molecule's cysteines are involved in disulfide bonds: Cys1 is bonded to Cys98, and Cys29 is bonded to Cys 138.

Amino Acids↗