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Biomedical subjects

N Loudon

Publications and source records attributed to N Loudon.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Oral contraceptive steroids and breast secretions.

Breast secretions were obtained by nipple aspiration from 164 (44.7%) of 368 consecutive premenopausal non-pregnant women volunteers attending family planning clinics. Women currently taking oral contraceptive steroids were significantly less likely to yield breast secretions than women who had never taken such preparations. The effect was confined to parous women of whom 94% not taking oral contraceptives yielded breast secretions compared with only 51% currently using the pill and 60% of those with a previous history of use. The percentage of nulliparous women yielding breast secretions (30%) was significantly less than that in parous women and was not affected by a present or previous history of contraceptive steroid use. These results provide further evidence of the difference in hormone responsiveness of parous and nulliparous breasts and the potential of oral contraceptive steroids to influence breast function.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

Family planning.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Interim insertion of Multiload Cu 250 IUCD.

Two hundred and ninety nine women (58 nulliparous) were fitted with Multiload Cu 250 IUCDs in five family planning clinics and followed up for 1 year. Women months (2425) of use were computerized and analyzed according to the life-table method, yielding a zero pregnancy rate and an expulsion rate of 5.0. No serious complications were observed and there was a low incidence of difficulty in fitting or removal.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of normal young women.

We report on factors related to the prevalence of bacteria in the vagina of 1498 women who were attending a family planning clinic. Anaerobes were significantly commoner in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on clinical examination, in women with a history of a troublesome vaginal discharge and in women who used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) than in others. The association between anaerobes and abnormalities of vaginal discharge was found both in women who used the IUCD and in women who did not. We found no significant associations between symptoms and other bacterial species or combinations of species. Coliforms were significantly commoner in women who did not use tampons, in women who used the diaphragm and in women who had received recent antibacterial or antifungal treatment than in others. Lactobacilli were significantly commoner in women who used the contraceptive pill, and were significantly less common in women who harboured Candida albicans, anaerobes, coliforms or enterococci and in women who had been treated with antibacterial drugs, than in others. We found no important associations between the presence of bacteria and the patients' age, parity or social class.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of Yeast and fungi other than Candida albicans in the vagina of normal young women.

Yeasts and fungi other than Candida albicans were isolated from the vagina of 86 out of 1498 women (5.7 per cent) who attended a family planning clinic and they comprised 27.7 per cent of all fungal species obtained. These fungi were significantly more common in women aged 35 years and over and in those who used the diaphragm than in others. They were no more common in women with an abnormal vaginal discharge on examination than in others; and they were no more common in women with genitourinary symptoms than in women without.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Vaginal microbial flora in normal young women.

Vaginal swabs were taken from 1498 women attending a family planning clinic. The flora was assessed in the absence of any information about the women to whom the swabs related. Yeasts and fungi were present in 311 women (21%) and were no more prevalent among "pill" users than others. Candida albicans was significantly associated with vulval itching and with a vaginal discharge described as heavier than normal or curdy on clinical examination, though these abnormalities were present in only a minority of women with the organism. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 14 women (1%) and was associated with abnormalities of vaginal discharge in all but one. Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli were significantly more common in women with a troublesome vaginal discharge and those who used an intrauterine device than others. No associations were found between fungi other than C albicans or the other bacteria sought and either symptoms or clinical abnormalities of vaginal discharge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology and clinical significance of cervical erosion in women attending a family planning clinic.

Women attending a family planning clinic were studied to determine the relation between cervical erosion and clinical and social characteristics. The appearance of the cervix was recorded without knowledge of the women's symptoms. The prevalence of erosion increased with parity but, when the effects of other factors were controlled, decreased in women aged 35 and over. Erosion was significantly more common in women taking the "pill" and less common in women using barrier methods of contraception than in others. There was considerable variation between doctors in the reporting of erosion. No association was found between erosion and postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia, backache, or dysuria. There was a significant but modest association between erosion and vaginal discharge and a suggestion that erosion may sometimes be associated with nocturia and frequency of micturition. Vaginal flora was similar in women with and without erosion. Cervical erosion should not be regarded as pathological in asymptomatic women, nor should it be assumed necessarily to be the cause of symptoms in women with genitourinary complaints.

Adolescent↗