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Biomedical subjects

N Lynöe

Publications and source records attributed to N Lynöe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Practices and attitudes among Swedish psychiatrists regarding the ethics of compulsory treatment.

Few empirical studies have examined the attitudes and ethical beliefs of psychiatrists. In this study, 328 members of the Swedish Psychiatric Association were randomly selected to respond to a questionnaire containing three clinical vignettes examining involuntary hospitalization, other compulsory interventions, and restraint. The questionnaire also contained 16 controversial statements and items on the abuse of psychiatry. A 60% response rate was obtained. Psychiatrists' responses were influenced not only by the severity of and risks associated with the patient's disorder, but also by family pressure which affected the decision-making process. Female psychiatrists less often suggested the use of physical restraints and the compulsory use of ECT. Sexual misconduct, and also the inadequate treatment of refugees, were the most frequently reported forms of abuse of psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical cancer research--some aspects on doctors' attitudes to informing participants.

With the aim to investigate the information policy of oncologists when recruiting patients for clinical trials a postal questionnaire was sent to 412 members of the Swedish Society of Oncology (response rate 74%). Depending on the situation, 20-40% of the doctors perceive that randomization before consent is an acceptable procedure. A majority of the physicians maintain that cancer patients are able to cope with adequate information but 45% of the doctors fear that the patients may withdraw from participating if they are adequately informed. It seems to be important to study the relationship between the quality of information given to participants and the motives they have for accepting or declining to participate.

Attitude↗
PubMed1993

The attitudes of patients and physicians towards placebo treatment--a comparative study.

Placebo treatment in clinical practice can be given either in order to comply with the wishes of the patient, or with the purpose of doing good and not causing harm. In the former instance, the procedure may be in accordance with the interests of the patient, yet be in conflict with the interests of the medical profession. In the latter instance, the procedure presupposes that in most cases the patient has not been informed of the nature of the treatment; this type of procedure may jeopardize a trusting patient-doctor relationship. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate both the extent to which patients and physicians feel they can accept placebo treatment and a paternalistic attitude, and in which particular situations. In order to shed some light on this matter, we compiled a questionnaire built around three case histories which problematize placebo treatment and paternalistic acts. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 patients and 100 physicians. 83 patients and 94 physicians responded. The results show that patients and physicians do not automatically follow specific group interests. Physicians are more inclined to respect the patient's option to refuse medical treatment than the patients are inclined to respect a physician's professional autonomy. Patients appear more to be paternalistic in their judgements than physicians, but one cannot rule out the possibility that the answers of the physicians reflect the fact that placebo treatment represent a socially undesirable behaviour. We conclude that theoretical and normative analyses of the perspective of the actors ought to be supplemented by empirical research.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Physicians and alternative medicine--an investigation of attitudes and practice.

In the present paper, the attitudes of three different groups of physicians toward treatment with alternative medicine have been investigated. One of the groups studied consisted of randomly selected licensed physicians from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The other two groups comprised two different associations of physicians involved with alternative medicine. One third of the former groups were positively disposed toward one or more of the alternative medical technologies, while the latter groups were more positive toward alternative medicine in general. Attitudes, along with motives for such interest, varied depending on the orientations of the different interest groups. The most common motives for expressing interest in alternative medicine included a feeling of clinical powerlessness in the face of certain problems for which patients consult a physician, and a dissatisfaction with the scientific approach of academic medicine. A minority stated that their interest in alternative medicine pre-dated their medical education. Physicians' interest in alternative medicine can be understood both as a critical reaction to academic medicine and as evidence that some alternative medical technologies are effective. Hence there is a need to determine whether there are shortcomings to be found in academic medical education and scientific ideals, and also to assess alternative medical technologies at regular intervals.

Anthroposophy↗
PubMed1992

Ethical and professional aspects of the practice of alternative medicine.

The question of who should provide alternative medical treatment raises a number of different problems of both an ethical and a professional nature. Providing medical treatment, including alternative medical treatment, presupposes that the physician in question possesses diagnostic competence. It is in the best interests of society that medical care is safe, and therefore society must monitor the medical profession, e.g. in order to assure itself that the treatment provided is in agreement with the tenet of science and proven experience. The democratization of the patient-doctor relationship and the liberalization of the availability of medical and alternative medical treatments means that society also has an interest in ensuring that physicians offer alternative medical treatments or cooperate with practitioners of alternative medicine. A question is whether this is also of interest to the physicians? Another question touching on professional ethics is whether the doctor has the same responsibility to respect the desire of a patient to receive alternative medical treatment as he would have to respect the patient's right to forego ordinary medical treatment. These questions are analysed here against the background of the perspective of the relevant interest groups and are graded with regard to the disease and treatment concerned, how far the disease has advanced, the age of the patient, and whether or not the patient is competent to make his own decisions. These considerations are relevant in a discussion of who is qualified to provide or prescribe alternative medical treatment. This study points out that the individual physician should have the possibility to compromise and improvise from case to case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Informed consent: study of quality of information given to participants in a clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the participants in a clinical trial had perceived adequate information about the trial according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. DESIGN: About 18 months after the end of a gynaecological clinical trial the participants received a questionnaire by post, which focused on the quality of the information given to them before entering the trial. Neither researchers nor participants were aware in advance that the trial would become the subject of this follow up investigation. SETTING: Eight different centres in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 43 women out of the 53 who completed the trial (mean (range) age 23 (16 to 35) years) returned the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adequacy of the information (based on requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki) to enable the following: understanding of the aims of the study; awareness of what participation meant; and awareness of the possibility of withdrawing from participation at any time. Motives for agreeing to participate, and a subjective evaluation of the given information were also recorded. RESULTS: All but one of the participants had been aware that they were taking part in a research project. Five women stated that they had not been aware that a second laparoscopy was performed only for research reasons. Seven women reported that they had not been aware of the meaning of participating in the project and 17 that they had had no information about the possibility of withdrawing from the study whenever they wanted. In the subjective rating 22 women considered the information given as good or very good. There was a systematic variation in the quality of the given information among the eight centres. CONCLUSION: Although all but one of the participants had been aware that they were taking part in a clinical trial, the quality of the information understood and recalled by participants varied, and in many cases clearly did not meet the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Variations among centres in participants' perception of information suggest that deficiencies in perception may be caused by informers rather than the participants.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Is the effect of alternative medical treatment only a placebo effect?

A common assertion about alternative medical technologies is that their results are solely built upon the placebo effect. The reason for this assertion is due to the facts that the placebo effect is perceived as an irrational quantity, and that the placebo effect is considered unspecific. If it is possible to rehabilitate the placebo effect by interpreting it as a specific effect, what consequences would it have for school medicine and the view of certain alternative medical technologies? To answer these questions it is necessary to investigate just what sort of phenomenon the placebo effect is, and what determines its dimensions.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗