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Biomedical subjects

N M Eiser

Publications and source records attributed to N M Eiser.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Effect of 30% oxygen on local matching of perfusion and ventilation in chronic airways obstruction.

1. Sixteen patients with chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction were given radioactive nitrogen (13N) by intravenous injection and by inhalation, while breathing air and after 10-20 min breathing 30% oxygen. The clearance of 13N from four zones of each patient's whole lung field was monitored. 2. The 13N clearance of each region in these patients with chronic bronchitis was much slower than in normal subjects. Oxygen breathing produced a significant delay in the clearance of intravenously administered 13N in 23 zones in 10 patients but no systematic change in clearance after inhaled 13N. 3. With inhalation of 30% oxygen there was no no significant change in the mean minute ventilation, tidal volume or arterial PCO2. 4. The results suggest that local hypoxic vasoconstriction is present in some patients on breathing air and that this is relieved by 30% oxygen, resulting in a diversion of local blood flow from well-ventilated to more poorly ventilated areas. The fall in VA/Q on 30% oxygen is insufficient to increase arterial PCO2.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1975

Thymic lymphoma--an unusual presentation.

A patient with a thymic lymphoma invading both chest wall and lung is presented. Extensive systemic-pulmonary arterial communications had developed through this lymphoma. Hodgkin's disease should be included as a rare cause of systemic to pulmonary communications.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Technetium-99 m in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.

The thyroid uptake at 20 minutes of intravenously administered Technetium-99(m) ((99m)Tc) was measured in 117 patients with a standard scintillation counter. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of clinical assessment, four-hour (131)I uptake, triiodothyronine (T-3) resin uptake, and protein-bound iodine measurements.In 31 patients with no evidence of thyroid disease the mean (99m) Tc uptake was 1.8% +/-S.D. 1.1%. In 32 patients with thyroid enlargement who were euthyroid the mean uptake was 2.5% +/-S.D. 2.2%. In 54 thyrotoxic patients the mean uptake was 17.7% with a range of 4.1 to 44%, all cases having an uptake above the upper limit of normal (4.0%). These results agree closely with reported uptake studies using scanning techniques. In seven patients the extrathyroidal neck activity was measured by using a scanner, and the mean was 6.3% of the extrathyroidal total body radioactivity comparing favourably with an assumed 6% used in our calculations.We have shown that the measurement of the thyroid uptake of (99m)Tc with a scintillation counter is of value, and that it is not necessary to use scanning techniques in the diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. Advantages of (99m) Tc are minimal radiation, reduction in patient and laboratory time, and low cost.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of atropine on experimentally-induced airway obstruction in man.

The effect of pretreatment with inhaled atropine methonitrate 1.5 mg and placebo was compared on standardized inhalation challenges with histamine acid phosphate in normal and asthmatic subjects and with antigen in atopic asthmatics. The response was monitored with measurements of specific airway conductance (sGaw). Challenges were repeated, as often as necessary, to obtain responses whose baseline sGaw after premedication varied by less than 35% within an individual. The anticholinergic effect of atropine 1.5 mg was studied on the methacholine response in all subjects. Atropine inhibited the methacholine response and, therefore, the dose was judged adequate to produce cholinergic blockade in the airways. Similar degrees of bronchodilatation (47-49% increase in sGaw) were found in normal subjects and in non-atopic asthmatics, but greater bronchodilatation was achieved in atopic asthmatics (100% increase in sGaw). Among the asthmatics, the lower the initial sGaw the greater the bronchodilatation with atropine. When prechallenge bronchial tone was comparable within individuals, atropine inhibited the mean histamine response of both normal and asthmatic groups and inhibited the mean antigen response of the atopic asthmatics, whereas placebo had no significant effect. No correlation was found between post-atropine sGaw and the effect of atropine on either histamine or antigen response. In conclusion, atropine is a powerful bronchodilator, particularly in atopic asthmatics with increased bronchomotor tone. Histamine- and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction is inhibited by atropine, but the extent of this inhibition varies between subjects.U

Airway Obstruction↗