Interaction between bisquaternary ammonium ligands and acetylcholinesterase: complex formation studied by fluorescence quenching.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to N M Jacobs.
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Extra-axial fluid collections were identified in six infants by transfontanelle cranial sonography. Confirmatory computer tomography (CT) scans were performed following the sonograms in five of these patients. These extra-axial fluid collections were varied in appearance and could be divided into two types depending on their sonographic characteristics. The first group consisted of large, usually concave anechoic collections and the second of small extra-axial fluid collections best seen in the interhemispheric fissure. The large collections were easily identified using a routine 5 MHz transducer system. The smaller collections were not well visualized with a 5 MHz system and required a 7.5 MHz transducer to identify the fluid in the interhemispheric fissure. Additionally, the lateral extent of these small collections could not be visualized through the anterior fontanelle using either transducer and CT was required for definitive evaluation of their lateral extent.
Cranial sonography revealed cerebral hemorrhage in three of seven neonates with erythroblastosis fetalis. Among the three infants with hemorrhage, one was 28 weeks gestational age and experienced germinal matrix hemorrhage with ventricular extension, a finding typical of cerebroventricular hemorrhage in the premature population. The other two infants with intracranial hemorrhage were more gestationally mature, and extensive intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhages were found at sonography. These hematomas were peripheral in location and one was multifocal. Computed tomography (CT) further revealed hemorrhages in both neonates to be multifocal and in close proximity to the pia-arachnoid. In one case, the hemorrhage appeared to extend centripetally and rupture into the ventricular system. The high incidence, severity, and unusual appearance of intracranial hemorrhages in neonates with erythroblastosis fetalis has not been previously emphasized in the radiologic literature. In severe cases, children with erythroblastosis fetalis should be closely observed for intracranial hemorrhage by either sonography or CT, regardless of gestational age.