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Biomedical subjects

N M Litvinova

Publications and source records attributed to N M Litvinova.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Prediction of the effect of antidepressants in patients with endogenous depression].

The motor activity and changes in the latent periods of motor responses were studied in 100 patients with circular and involutional depression, following a single administration of 50 mg of melipramine. A certain correlation was found between the degree of impairment of lability of neural processes and the therapeutic activity of antidepressants. The latter's use was more advisable in patients with milder inertia of neural processes. Four prognostic criteria enabling a reliable prognosis of the immediate effect of amitriptyline and melipramine have been ascertained. These include the speed of formation of a motor stereotype, a sufficient rate of motor responses, and reduction of their latent periods following a single administration of 50 mg of melipramine.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1981

[Pathophysiologic and morphologic changes in the central nervous system following long-term haloperidol administration].

Experiments on animals demonstrated that a 3,6 and 9 month long administration of haloperidol evokes in the somatosensor zone of the cortex and subcortical nodes of rats some morphofunctional changes of the cytoplasma, nucleus, nucleoli, neurons and glial cells which are interpreted as functional-adaptive, dystrophical and compensatory. A use of haloperidol in increasing dosages (from 1 mg/kg up to 12 mg/kg) leads to an appearance of extrapyramidal disorders, a damage of the nervous system and changed forms of compensation. The most expressed changes were found in the nucleus caudatum. A long-term use of haloperidol did not exert any significant influence on the cortical function of the formation of conditioned reflexes, but there was a retardation in the fixation of new conditioned reflexes after 6 months of drug administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of extrapyramidal disorders induced by haloperidol on phenamine stereotypy and the effects of schizophrenic patients' serum (experimental study)].

Experiments on white mice demonstrated that the appearance of extrapyramidal disturbances depends upon the scheme of haloperidol administration. A long-term use of the preparation leads to development of habituation, while its cessation--to symptoms similar to withdrawal. The development of extrapyramidal disturbances does not increase the antagonism of haloperidol in relation to phenamine, but distinctly increases and prolongs the activizing action of the blood serum of schizophrenic patients on the behaviour of animals.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1976

[Coordination of the movement of the tube feet and arms of ophiurae during locomotion].

A role of the tube feet is considered for locomotion of ophiura Amphipholis kochii. During stepping, a tube foot sticks to the ground at its front position, and comes unstuck at the end of the step when reaching a certain hind position (relatively the direction of locomotion). Such an organization of the tubefoot mechanisms of stepping simplifies considerably the cooridination of tube feet and arms movements. The tube feet stick to the ground automatically when the arm on which they are located performs motor functions and push or pull the ophiura forwards; on the contrary, the tube feet come unstuck automatically when their arm moves forwards. Thus, the central nervous system is likely not to participate in the coordination of the tube feet and arms movements. It only determines the common direction of stepping for all tube feet, whereas the coordination between the tube feet and arms is achieved because of special properties of the tube feet stepping mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Types of locomotion in Ophiuroidea].

Locomotor movements of two species of ophiura from the Sea of Japan: Ophiura sarsi vadicola Djakonov and Amphipholis kochii Lütken, were filmed. Ophiura sarsi moves by means of two symmetric pairs of arms which perform rhythmical rowing movements, the fifth arm is passive and directed backwards. Animals of this species do not use tube feet in locomotion. In Amphipholis kochii, three main modes of locomotor movements were found. (1) "Breast stroke" in which two symmetric side arms periodically move forwards, and then push forwards the body and three other arms. In this mode, one arm (leading) is directed forwards, while two others backwards. When the side arms move-forwards or backwards, a wave of successive flexions and extensions propagates along the arm segments. (2) "Pushing" by means of the hind arm and "pulling" with the help of the leading arm. (3) Locomotion by means of the tube feet which perform stepping movements. These three modes of locomotion are observed either separately or in various combinations with each other. In (1) and (2) modes of locomotion the tube feet perform also the coupling of the active arms with the ground which is necessary for the animal movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Coordination of arm movement during locomotion in Ophiuroidea].

Ophiura Amphipholis kochii Lütken can move with any one of five arms directed forwards; therefore, each arm performs various functions during locomotion. The arm amputated together with the adjoining part of the central nervous ring is capable of complicated behaviour, particularly, of locomotion. Transection of the central nervous ring results in disturbances of the arms coordination. Experiments with amputation of a part of the arms showed that afferent signals from arms are important for determination of the leading arm and mode of locomotion. The experimental data suggest that each arm has an autonomous nervous centre, and coordinated activity of all arms is acheaved by an interaction of the nervous centres. The interaction results in function distribution among the arms and in synchronization of arm movements. The leading arm prevails, since the influences exerting by its centre determine activity of adjacent centres.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Turning over in the ophiuroid Amphipholis kochii].

The reaction of turning over in the ophiuroid A. kochii Lütken begins when the ambulacral legs are detached from the substrate. At the bottom, when aboral side of the animal touches the substrate, turning over begins with oral flexion of three arms. In water, turning over begins with aboral flexion of all the arms. The organism takes the shape of a ball, its center of gravity being shifted to the side of a disc which outer surface is formed by the oral part. As a result, when dropped into the water with its oral side upwards, the ophiuroid passively turns over due to the gravity force. Single arm isolated together with the adjacent part of the nervous ring is capable of turning over. After sectioning the nervous ring, coordinated activity of the arms during turning over is disturbed.

Animals↗