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Biomedical subjects

N Maccoby

Publications and source records attributed to N Maccoby.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Community education for cardiovascular health.

To determine whether community health education can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, a field experiment was conducted in three northern California towns. In two of these communities there were extensive mass-media campaigns over a 2-year period, and in one of these, face-to-face counselling was also provided for a small subset of high-risk people. The third community served as a control. People from each community were interviewed and examined before the campaigns began and one and two years afterwards to assess knowledge and behaviour related to cardiovascular disease (e.g., diet and smoking) and also to measure physiological indicators of risk (e.g., blood-pressure, relative weight, and plasma-cholesterol). In the control community the risk of cardiovascular disease increased over the two years but in the treatment communities there was a substantial and sustained decrease in risk. In the community in which there was some face-to-face counselling the initial improvement was greater and health education was more successful in reducing cigarette smoking, but at the end of the second year the decrease in risk was similar in both treatment communities. These results strongly suggest that mass-media education campaigns directed at entire communities may be very effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease: effects of a community-based campaign on knowledge and behavior.

In 1972 the Stanford Heart Disease Prevention Program launched a three-community field study. A multimedia campaign was conducted for two years in two California communities (Watsonville and Gilroy), in one of which (Watsonville) it was supplemented by an intensive-instruction program with high-risk subjects. A third community (Tracy) was used as a control. The campaigns were designed to increase participants' knowledge of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, to change such risk-producing behavior as cigarette smoking, and to decrease the participants' dietary intake of calories, salt, sugar, saturated fat, and cholesterol. Results of a sample survey indicate that substantial gains in knowledge, in behavioral modification, and in the estimated risk of cardiovascular disease can be produced by both methods of intervention. The intensive-instruction program, when combined with the mass-medica campaign, emerged as the most effective for those participants who were initially evaluated to be at high risk. The results after two years of intervention are reported for effects on knowledge and behavioral change for the total participant samples and for the high-risk subsamples in each of the three communities.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral science applied to cardiovascular health: progress and research needs in the modification of risk-taking habits in adult populations.

Epidemiological and experimental studies provide evidence that a complex of behavioral, biological and environmental factors interact in the etiology of many cardiovascular diseases. A survey of research and theory concerning training and counseling programs for adult populations is provided. Six basic behavioral recommendations are made for the maintenance of cardiovascular health. Problems in the design of mass media and interpersonal campaigns to alter the health habits of large populations are considered.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiovascular disease risk reduction for tenth graders. A multiple-factor school-based approach.

All tenth graders in four senior high schools (N = 1447) from two school districts participated in a cardiovascular disease risk-reduction trial. Within each district, one school was assigned at random to receive a special 20-session risk-reduction intervention and one school served as a control. At a two-month follow-up, risk factor knowledge scores were significantly greater for students in the treatment group. Compared with controls, a higher proportion of those in the treatment group who were not exercising regularly at baseline reported regular exercise at follow-up. Almost twice as many baseline experimental smokers in the treatment group reported quitting at follow-up, while only 5.6% of baseline experimental smokers in the treatment group graduated to regular smoking compared with 10.3% in the control group. Students in the treatment group were more likely to report that they would choose "heart-healthy" snack items. Beneficial treatment effects were observed for resting heart rate, body mass index, triceps skin fold thickness, and subscapular skin fold thickness. The results suggest that it is feasible to provide cardiovascular disease risk-reduction training to a large segment of the population through school-based primary prevention approaches.

Adolescent↗