Hip replacement.
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Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
Biomedical subjects
N Maguire
Publications and source records attributed to N Maguire.
Smoking and quitting among Irish teenage males.
Nicotine addiction in adulthood is usually preceded by exposure to cigarettes in adolescence. A minimal exposure may be sufficient to produce addiction. Strategies to reduce adult smoking must address those factors, which influence teenage smoking. In this study we aimed to establish the prevalence of smoking in male secondary schools, to measure the association between student's smoking status and parental, peer and sibling smoking and to describe attempted quitting. An anonymous questionnaire was given to 1070 male secondary school pupils in two schools in County Louth. Twenty-seven percent of respondents smoked every day or on most days. Having a best friend who smoked was associated with personal smoking (O.R. 11.75, C.I. 8.6-16.08) as was sibling smoking (O.R. 3.49, C.I. 2.67-4.57.) Seventy percent of smokers stated that they wanted to stop and 75% that they had tried to stop. Only five smokers (1.2%) had been advised to quit by their general practitioner. We conclude that smoking is as prevalent among teenage boys in Ireland as it has been shown to be elsewhere and that most teenagers are unable rather than unwilling to stop.
Adolescent↗
Special hospitals. Models of imperfection.
Forensic mental healthcare needs radical change. National standards should be established. An effective model needs to integrate special hospitals, secure units and community care.
Adult↗
Retrievable inferior vena cava filter for thrombolic disease in pregnancy.
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Adult↗
Variations in interpretation of gynecologic cytology photomicrographs.
This was a study of variations in interpretations of photomicrographs of gynecologic cytology specimens. Two photomicrographs from each of 20 gynecologic cytology specimens were examined by 10 cytotechnologists and 10 pathologists. In only two cases was there agreement among all participants regarding the primary entity illustrated. The greatest agreement in interpretation was for benign entities such as repair reaction, koilocytotic changes, benign endocervical cells, and herpes simplex. There was little uniformity in the recognition of intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma, or these lesions are difficult to illustrate using photomicrographs. Most abnormal cases were identified at least as atypical, but in many cases the range of responses was great -- for example, atypical squamous metaplasia to squamous carcinoma. There was more uniformity among cytotechnologists than pathologists in the recognition of the cytologic entities presented. The results of this study illustrate the difficulty of selecting photomicrographs for testing purposes and the lack of uniformity in the interpretation of such photomicrographs.
Cytodiagnosis↗
The job evaluation process.
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Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
A peculiar arteriovenous leptomeningeal complex in the guinea pig.
In most areas of the body, arteries and veins run close together, often sharing a common connective tissue sheath. One exception to this is observed in the brain, where arteries come in from the base and veins collect over the convexity. Classically the larger blood vessels are formed by three coats: intima, media, and adventitia. Leptomeningeal vessels are further reinforced by a monolayer of pial cells. In the guinea pig, however, above the corpus callosum we found a group of blood vessels (an artery and several veins) enclosed in a common leptomeningeal sheath. The artery arises at the confluence of the anterior cerebral arteries; the veins drain into the straight sinus. The epithelial nature of the sheath is evident by the close apposition of cell membranes, the presence of junctional devices, and the existence of a basal lamina. The ultrastructural features of this epithelium are similar to those of the arachnoid-dural membrane. Whether this peculiar vascular complex has any specific function needs to be investigated further. The presence of these vessels apparently 'isolated' within a leptomeningeal subcompartment may provide a suitable model to study vascular-extravascular-cerebrospinal fluid substance exchange.
Animals↗
Mobility screening in the elderly and resulting referral.
The aims of this study were to test the usefulness of the Royal College of General Practitioners' (RCGP) mobility screening questionnaire in Irish general practice and to use it to assess the level of mobility problems in the over-75 year old population. Questionnaire screening survey in six faculty areas of the Irish College of General Practitioners(ICGP) well-spread geographically to be representative of the Irish population. Participants were a random sample of 627 people aged 75 years or over, from the General Medical Services list of 92 volunteer general practitioners. The Royal College of General Practitioners' screening questionnaire for mobility was administered by each person's doctor. Suggested interventions were also noted. 92% felt able to get around the house independently, with 78% able to manage stairs independently. The commonest aid to mobility was a stick, used by 27%. Mental impairment was closely associated with inability to get around the house (86% of those not independent around the house scored less than 8 on the Abbreviated Mental Test Score). Analysis of referral patterns indicated possible deficiencies in the availability of physiotherapy in certain areas. The RCGP mobility screening questionnaire was easy to use, and helpful in detecting problems which might require attention.
Aged↗
Effect of a skills programme on minor surgical workload in general practice.
It is important that educational programmes designed to meet the surgical training needs of general practitioners be demonstrably effective. To measure change in surgical workload and repertoire among participants in a surgical skills training programme. Log diary of surgical workload of five general practitioners during and four years following a surgical skills programme in 1992. Respondents operated on twice as many surgical cases in the follow-up period as in the baseline period. The increased volume of work was made up of a wider range of procedures for all respondents. Referral of minor surgical cases fell from 22% to 1.4% between periods. Surgical workload and repertoire is increased among participants in a minor surgical skills programme four years later.
Clinical Competence↗
A study of hearing loss among employees in a large urban hospital.
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Alberta↗
What do Dublin GPs expect from a psychiatric referral?
The advent of community psychiatry has tended to blur the interface between primary and secondary psychiatric care. We used a postal questionnaire to investigate each new referral from general practice to the public outpatient clinics of three West Dublin Psychiatric Sectors. 70 referrals, from 35 general practitioners, over a four month period in 1991 were analysed, regarding reason for referral and prior management in general practice. On average patients had seen their GP six times over a period of ten months. Mixed anxiety/depression was the most common diagnosis (23%). Medication had been prescribed for 61% of patients and 67% had counselling before referral. Common reasons for referral were: Access to therapies not available directly to the GP (30%); Failure of treatment (20%); To share the burden of chronic care (14%). In only 13% of referrals did the GP wish the psychiatrist to take over care. We conclude that the GPs surveyed undertake extensive pre-referral management of patients with psychological illness. They have well defined expectations of referral and are keen to follow up patients themselves. Future plans for community psychiatric services should take account of this pattern of care.
Affective Symptoms↗
Do Irish general practitioners know how often their patients consult?
We report a study of the accuracy with which nine General Practitioners estimated the consulting rate of 889 patients over the preceding year. We found that their estimates were exact in 34% and that only 13 of 118 high frequency attenders were not detected. We conclude that single-handed GPs are aware of patient consulting rate, which has been shown to be a marker for unmet medical need.
Family Practice↗
A study of self-care among Irish doctors.
Little is known about the self care employed by Irish doctors, though studies in other countries suggest this is likely to be less than ideal. In this study 76 doctors; general practitioner trainees, general practitioners and hospital consultants, completed a questionnaire on their self management of illness. High levels of self-prescribing and referral were discovered. The implications for the health of doctors in Ireland and the need for an occupational health service for doctors are discussed.
Drug Prescriptions↗