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Biomedical subjects

N Miyazawa

Publications and source records attributed to N Miyazawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Immunological detection of glycated proteins in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using anti hexitol-lysine IgG.

A polyclonal antibody specific for the Amadori compound, a product of an early stage of the Maillard reaction, was raised in rabbits by immunization with hexitol-lysine (1-glucitol-lysine or 1-mannitol-lysine) coupled with various carrier proteins. The affinity purified antibody has a high titre and preferentially recognizes the glucose adduct, in the presence of sodium borohydride, as judged on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as immunoblot analysis. The glycated proteins (Amadori products) in various tissues of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined by immunoblot analysis. In diabetic conditions, kidney, liver, lens, brain and lung proteins are more susceptible to glycation than other tissue proteins. Heart, spleen, adrenal gland and muscle proteins exhibit similar extents of glycation in both normal and diabetic conditions. This is the first demonstration of a specific antibody against the Amadori compound being raised with a synthetic compound, and of the tissue distribution of glycated proteins in normal and diabetic conditions. The antibody was very useful for in vitro and in vivo experiments on the Maillard reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of the small solitary pulmonary nodule].

The diagnostic process for small solitary pulmonary nodules was retrospectively analyzed. Three hundred and forty-three patients, each with a solitary pulmonary lesion of less than 3 cm on chest radiography, were evaluated. The patients were seen at our hospital between September 1986 and December 1993. They consisted of 138 with malignant diseases (114 with lung cancer and 24 with metastatic tumors), and 205 with benign diseases. There were 146 patients (71%) with benign lesions of less than 2 cm. The diagnosis in 118 patients (86%) with malignant disease was made by lung biopsy. Of these 118 patients, 19 underwent biopsy of the lung through a thoracoscope or open lung biopsy via a thoracotomy. Benign diseases were diagnosed in 167 patients (81%) by various laboratory tests and imaging techniques, including chest radiography. Thinsection CT was done in 132 patients. In 72 of these 132 patients (16 with lung cancer, 23 with metastatic tumors, and 33 with benign tumors), a judgement regarding whether the lesion was malignant or not could not be made. Therefore, open lung biopsy was done in 5 patients. Twenty-four patients were only observed, 43 underwent biopsy, and 35 underwent surgery. A decision tree needs to be established to select therapeutic options for management of patients whose diagnoses remain indeterminate even after thin-section CT. Formulation of a decision tree based not only on clinical findings but also on the results of diagnostic imaging is necessary to improve clinical decision making regarding small solitary pulmonary nodules.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants: a case report].

We report an unusual case of thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants. The patient complained of nodules in his neck. Chest radiographs showed a mass with cystic lesions in the anterior mediastinum. Although Hodgkin's disease was suspected from pathologic examination of biopsy specimens of the neck nodules, the mediastinal and neck masses could not be precisely diagnosed until a median sternotomy was done. The surgically excised mediastinal masses revealed thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic lesions. The patient has done well after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Thymic Hodgkin's disease with cystic variants is very rare and only seventeen cases of this disease have been reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mediastinal lymph node metastasis from lung cancer: evaluation with Tl-201 SPECT--comparison with CT.

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of thallium-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in detection of mediastinal lymph node metastasis from lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) and Tl-201 SPECT were performed in 113 patients with lung cancer. Surgical staging was performed in all patients, and the results of the two modalities were compared with the pathologic findings in 364 node stations. RESULTS: Cancerous nodes were found in 32.7% of the patients. The sensitivity of CT in detecting mediastinal node metastasis was 62%; specificity was 80%. These rates were higher for Tl-201 SPECT (76% and 92%, respectively). Furthermore, these rates were excellent in patients with enlarged mediastinal nodes at CT (87% and 93%, respectively). However, Tl-201 SPECT had more limited spatial resolution than did CT. CONCLUSION: Tl-201 SPECT is useful in evaluation of mediastinal node metastasis in lung cancer, especially for patients with enlarged nodes at CT.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Nasal intubation with Bullard laryngoscope: a useful approach for difficult airways.

Since the original technique using the Bullard laryngoscope requires considerable practice to be reliable, we have developed an easier method with a directional-tip endotracheal tube through the nostril. We first examined the feasibility of our method in patients with or without difficult airways. All 26 patients with difficult airways were successfully tracheally intubated with our method, and times for visualization and intubation were not different from those in 10 patients with normal airways. We further examined the direction of the tips of endotracheal tubes through the nostril in 128 patients with normal airways using four combinations of two kinds of both laryngoscopes (Bullard and Macintosh) and endotracheal tubes (directional-tip tube: Endotrol, Mallinckrodt Laboratories, Athlone, Ireland; or straight distal-end tube: Blue Line, Portex Ltd., Hythe Kent, United Kingdom). We found that a combination of the Bullard laryngoscope and the Endotrol tube had a higher probability of accessing the center of the glottis than the others. In conclusion, nasal insertion of a directional-tip tube assisted by the Bullard laryngoscope is an assured and prompt procedure for intubating the tracheas of patients with difficult airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

1-(Tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (Ftorafur) determined in rat hair as an index of drug exposure.

The fluorescence derivatization of 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (Ftorafur, FT) with 4-bromomethyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (BrMdmc) with 18-crown-6 as catalyst was utilized for a sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic method to determine the concentration of FT in hair. Hair samples collected from rats, which had received FT intraperitoneally for 1 to 4 weeks, were dissolved in 1 M NaOH by heating at 80 degrees C for 30 min. A three-step extraction procedure for FT in the dissolved hair was used before and after the derivatization of FT with BrMdmc. The detection limit achieved was < 0.16 ng/mg hair. A dose-dependent accumulation of FT was evident in the rat hair (r = 0.914, p < 0.001): 0.24 +/- 0.07, 1.35 +/- 0.39, and 2.85 +/- 0.74 ng/mg hair (mean +/- SD, n = 4-5) at the doses of 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, respectively. In the rats that had received the highest dose of FT, the accumulation of FT in the hair depended also on the duration of FT administration: 0.82 +/- 0.33 (1 week), 1.52 +/- 0.38 (2 weeks), and 2.85 +/- 0.74 (4 weeks) ng/mg hair (n = 4-5). These findings suggest that the analysis of an oral antineoplasmic FT in the hair may be useful for assessing the degree of exposure to the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

High copper and iron levels and expression of Mn-superoxide dismutase in mutant rats displaying hereditary hepatitis and hepatoma (LEC rats).

The LEC rat is a mutant strain displaying hereditary hepatitis and hepatoma. We established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of Cu,Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn- and Mn-SOD) and measured the levels of both SODs in various organs of LEC and Wistar rats. Mn-SOD concentrations were higher in LEC rats than in Wistar rats in most tissues. Cu,Zn-SOD levels of liver, kidney and intestine were lower in LEC rats than in Wistar rats. Atomic absorbtion techniques indicated that in addition to high Cu concentrations as previously reported, LEC rat livers contained high Fe concentrations relative to those in Wistar rat livers. These data suggest that increased concentrations of Fe and Cu and decreased levels of Cu,Zn-SOD may facilitate the Fenton reaction to produce hydroxyl radicals in the tissues of the LEC rat. To compensate for the decreased scavenging effects due to low levels of Cu,Zn-SOD, an adaptive increase of Mn-SOD may occur in the process of hepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis in LEC rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protection against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute cholestasis in mice by a novel taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholate (UR-906).

We investigated the effects of tauroursodeoxycholate (UR-906) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice. UR-906 and UDCA were given intravenously 2 hr prior to and 2 hr after ANIT (80 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment. The animals were sacrificed 48 hr after ANIT administration, and serum markers of liver injury were examined. UR-906 prevented significant elevations in total bilirubin, bile acids and LDH. Furthermore, this drug reduced significant elevations in ALP and LAP. UDCA also prevented significant elevations in total bilirubin and LAP. These results indicate that UR-906 as well as UDCA has a beneficial effect against ANIT-induced cholestasis in mice.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of sevoflurane on hemodynamics during the induction of anesthesia compared with those of isoflurane, enflurane and halothane].

The effects of sevoflurane (S), isoflurane (I), enflurane (E) and halothane (H) on hemodynamics were studied in 50 patients during the inhalation of 1.5 MAC of each anesthetic before the surgery. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and stroke volume index (SVI) were measured noninvasively using the automatic blood pressure manometer and the ultrasonic Doppler method (Accucom). There were significant differences between E and H in MAP, CI, SVRI and SVI. The values of CI, SVRI, SVI with S, as well as with I, were between those of E and H. These results indicate that sevoflurane causes the depression of blood pressure mostly by decreasing afterload during the induction of anesthesia, although the decrement with sevoflurane, as well as that with isoflurane, is less than that with enflurane.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea in a female cigarette smoker].

A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea in a female cigarette smoker is reported. The patient was a 72-year-old female with smoking index of 440 who developed wheezing and dyspnea on December 18, 1991. She was diagnosed as having bronchial asthma and hospitalized, but the symptoms were not improved. Bronchofiberscopic examination was performed and revealed a tracheal tumor on April 24, 1992. She was then referred to this cancer center. CT scan of the neck on admission showed a solid tumor which was 19 x 18 mm in diameter and protruded from the membranous portion and the right side of the tracheal wall into the lumen. Bronchofiberscopic findings revealed a soft polypoid tumor with a whitish coat on the surface and a tendency to bleed, at the second tracheal ring from the vocal cord. Histological findings of the biopsied specimen were compatible with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. A segmental resection of the trachea with end-to-end anastomosis was performed on May 6th, 1992. Postoperative radiation therapy (50.4 Gy) was added because of the residual microscopic cancer in the distal membranous portion of the tracheal wall. Female cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea have been rarely reported in Japan. The relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea and smoking is considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

A study of pharyngeal symptoms caused by bronchofiberscopy.

We investigated the occurrence of pharyngeal symptoms in 100 patients who had undergone bronchofiberscopies by conducting a post-examination survey of the patients. Eighty-four patients complained of having a problem. Seventy-five patients, including 26 with dysphagia, complained of pharyngeal symptoms. The proportion with pharyngeal symptoms whose symptoms appeared on the day of examination was a high 89.4%. In 70.6% of cases, the duration of symptoms was less than four days. The pharyngeal symptoms were particularly common among patients who had undergone a bronchofiberscopy on a previous occasion or whose examination lasted for 15 min or more. A greater dysphagia incidence was noted among patients who had required an endotracheal tube (P = 0.03) and among those whose examination had lasted for 15 min or more (P = 0.01). Based on the results, we are now studying methods of alleviating pharyngeal symptoms, including dysphagia.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The use of the reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flap in the management of bronchopleural fistula].

The management of a postoperative bronchopleural fistula remains a major challenge for the thoracic surgeon. We present a series of three patients who underwent closure of the fistulas with the distal flap of the divided latissimus dorsi muscle (the reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flap) and a limited thoracoplasty. The primary resections, which were performed through a standard posterolateral thoracotomy, were right lower lobectomy in two patients and right middle and lower bilobectomy in the other. The initial myoplasty produced prompt fistula closure in 2 patients and failed in the other patient because of a large empyema space. The reverse latissimus dorsi muscle flap could be used for the management of bronchopleural fistula in selected patients who underwent lower lobectomy or middle and lower bilobectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Results of a randomized prospective study. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group.

Two hundred nine patients with completely resected stage III non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized to receive postoperative cisplatin and vindesine chemotherapy or no further treatment. Before randomization, patients were stratified by the histologic characteristics of their tumors (squamous versus nonsquamous cell carcinoma). Prognostic variables such as histology, performance status, extent of operation, and tumor and nodal status of the eligible patients in chemotherapy (n = 90) and control groups (n = 91) were equally distributed. There was no statistically significant difference in disease-free and overall survival between the two groups. The 3-year disease-free survivals of the chemotherapy and control groups were 37% and 42%, respectively. The median survival times (5-year survival) were 31 months (35%) in the chemotherapy group and 37 months (41%) in the control group. These was no different pattern in the first site of recurrence (local versus systemic) between the two groups. This study failed to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of postoperative cisplatin and vindesine chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗