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Biomedical subjects

N N Iakhno

Publications and source records attributed to N N Iakhno.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[The amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome--frontal-type dementia].

The article presents analysis of clinical case of and review of literature on "ALS-dementia complex", a combination of ALS syndrome and dementia predominantly of frontal lobe type. The review of literature contains discussion on the problem of lobe dementia, analysis of relation of ALS-dementia syndrome and the following diseases: Alzheimer, Pick, Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Lewy bodies, Charcot (classic type), multisystem degeneration. Polymorphism of ALS-dementia complex and the possibilities of its differential diagnosis are considered.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed1995

[The use of the Sinemet-CR preparation in treating Parkinson's disease].

Sinemet-CR is manufactured by "Merck, Sharp and Dohme" firm (USA). It is represented the tablet form of drug that consists of levodopa (200 mg) and carbidopa (50 mg) on polymeric basis. This basis is dissolved gradually in small intestine providing prolonged drug's action. 29 patients in the age of 38-77 years with different forms of Parkinson's disease (1-13 years of duration) were treated using the doses 500-1500 mg. The doses depended upon both disease stage and individual sensitivity. It was also taken into consideration if the patients were or were not treated with levodopa and carbidopa preparations previously (the dose was adjusted during 3-4 weeks). The treatment's duration was 3 months. The positive medical effect was revealed in 23 cases (80%) while more expressed and firm effect was obtained in 15 cases. The most manifested action was observed toward rigidity, hypokinesia and tremor as well as toward such functions as memory, attention and psychical activity. Preparation's negative action was registered in 6 observations. In conclusion the authors noted both the high effectiveness and safety of preparation and recommended it for wide application.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The efficacy of sirdalud in the drug therapy of pain in the spine].

The activity of myorelaxant sirdalud (tizanidine) was studied in 36 patients aged 20-79 with pain syndrome (reflex muscular-tonic, myofascial, acute compression radiculopathy). The condition of the patients was evaluated according to the visual analog scale where the scores were assigned to the intensity of muscular spasm, pain at rest, exercise and at altitude tension and functional decline. Pain symptoms diminished as early as the treatment day 3. The same was true for muscular spasms. The highest effect of sirdalud occurred in acute phases of the diseases. Pain relief was so material that 20 patients were able to discontinue analgetics and tranquilizers. For 12 patients the doses of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs were noticeably reduced. Side effects of sirdalud were minimal: slight sleepiness and xerostomia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[The clinico-hemodynamic characteristics of atherosclerotic circulatory encephalopathy].

The authors studied intracranial hemodynamics in atherosclerotic dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DCE) using extra- and intracranial ultrasound examinations, discuss stage-specific clinical features of DCE, evaluated extracranial arteries, measured collateral blood flow and linear blood flow rate along the intracranial arteries depending on DCE stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Cerebrovascular insufficiency in middle-aged and elderly patients (a clinical computed tomographic study)].

The clinical, neuropsychological and computed tomography (CT) data were studied in 180 elderly and senile patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. The most informative CT-parameters for the assessment of the cerebral atrophy in such cases were the width and the ratio of the 3 ventricle, the width of the frontal horns and the summarized frontal distance. Evaluating the CT data, it is necessary to take into account age and sex of the patients. The most pronounced neurological and neuropsychological disorders in elderly and senile patients with the cerebrovascular insufficiency were associated with more dilated cerebral ventricles.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis, clinical course and prognosis of parenchymatous- ventricular hemorrhages].

As many as 61 patients with hemorrhagic brain stroke and blood penetration in the ventricular system were subjected to a clinical analysis. Based on the data available, attempts were made to predict an outcome of brain stroke. The authors describe the results of studying different aspects of the diagnostic algorithm of parenchymatous ventricular hemorrhages. In accordance with the clinical and computer-aided tomography data, consciousness disturbances, occlusion hydrocephalus, secondary stem syndrome as well as the localization, volume of hematomas and the degree of the blood filling of the ventricular system may serve as diagnostic predictors of brain hemorrhages. The authors' observations correspond with the conclusions made by foreign scientists that ventricular hemorrhages are not always fatal. Parenchymatous ventricular hemorrhages are likely to eventuate in a favourable outcome owing to the drug treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative evaluation of various forms of Parkinson disease in middle-aged and elderly patients (clinical, neuropsychological and computerized-tomographic studies)].

The clinical, neuropsychological and computer-aided tomography data were compared in elderly and senile patients suffering from trembling and akinetic rigid forms of parkinsonism. 12 patients with trembling and 21 with akinetic rigid parkinsonism were examined. The groups did not differ in age or sex. The results of computer-aided tomography of the brain were evaluated using linear, volumetric and densitometric parameters. The akinetic rigid pattern was found to be associated with a more diverse clinical and neuropsychological symptomatology, by more manifest cerebral atrophy. The gravity of the status of patients with trembling parkinsonism is largely determined by the intensity of the hyperkinetic syndrome, that of patients with akinetic rigid parkinsonism not only by amyostatic disturbances but also by the presence and severity of incoordination , pseudobulbar and mnemonic intellectual disorders. The disorders identified in patients with akinetic rigid parkinsonism often attest to dysfunction of the frontal parts of the brain. The nosological heterogeneity of both patterns of parkinsonism is assumed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Computed tomography in the neurological syndromes of spinal osteochondrosis].

Clinical and computer-aided comparisons were made in 96 patients with different neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis. In the majority of cases, definite correlations were established between the intensity of the clinical symptoms and the degree of disc prolapse. The above correlations were not absolute, which was documented by the catamnesis of certain patients who, at different times, developed neurological symptoms, different in character and intensity, of disc prolapse invariability. The data obtained allowed a conclusion that computer-aided tomography of the spine may appear of the greatest value if there is a necessity of making differential diagnosis with oncological pathology and in cases of the assumed surgical treatment of vertebral osteochondrosis to reveal details of degenerative and dystrophic alterations at the appropriate level.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Familial neuralgic amyotrophy].

The authors provide the reported data concerned with differential diagnosis of hereditary and sporadic neuralgic amyotrophy. Describe own observations where members of the same family (mother and son) suffered from neuralgic amyotrophy. Attention is concentrated on the fact that in both cases, the disease started at the preschool age and was of recurrent nature. In the mother, an attack of neuralgic amyotrophy occurred in the postnatal period, in the son, successive exacerbation of the disease occurred in the form of 4 consecutive attacks of neuralgic amyotrophy which provoked deep paresis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and both hands. After 1.5 years the muscles indicated practically regained their power.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative evaluation of various forms of parkinsonism in middle-aged and elderly patients (clinical, neuropsychological and computerized-tomographic studies)].

The clinical, neuropsychological and computed tomography data were compared in elderly and senile patients with trembling and akinetico-rigid forms of parkinsonism. 12 patients with trembling and 21 with akinetico-rigid forms were examined. The groups did not differ in age or sex. The results of computed brain tomography were estimated with the use of linear, volumetric and densitometric parameters. The akinetico-rigid form was associated with more diverse clinical and neuropsychological symptomatology, more noticeable cerebral atrophy. The gravity of the status of the patients with trembling parkinsonism was largely specified by the intensity of the hyperkinetic syndrome whereas that of the patients with the akinetico-rigid form not only by amyostatic disorders but also by the presence and severity of discoordination, pseudobulbar and mnemonic-intellectual disturbances. Disorders revealed in the patients with the akinetico-rigid form often attest to the dysfunction of the frontal parts of the brain. The nosological heterogeneity of these two forms of parkinsonism is under discussion.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Spontaneous cerebellar hematoma with a favorable course].

Echo-eg, EEG, dopplerography and computer-aided tomography of the brain were employed to examine 8 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hematomas. Clinically, minor intracerebellar hematomas are characterized by acutely occurring intensive systemic dizziness, nausea, moderate coordination disorders without consciousness derangement or pyramidal and sensible disturbances. It is demonstrated that cerebellar hemorrhages may run a favourable course without any surgical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Computerized tomography in neurologic syndromes associated with spinal osteochondrosis].

Clinical and CT findings were compared for 96 patients with neurological symptoms of lumbar osteochondrosis. They revealed correlations between the severity of clinical signs and the degree of the disk prolapse. This relationship was not absolute as there were cases with stable disk prolapse in variable neurologic symptoms. Spinal CT proved most effective in differentiation from cancer and detailed featuring of degenerative--dystrophic changes for scheduled surgical treatment of spinal osteochondrosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Dermoid cysts of intracranial location].

The paper provides the reported data on the incidence, localization, clinical manifestations, course, diagnosis and treatment of dermoid cysts. Describes three cases of dermoid cysts verified by computed tomography and surgery. Presents a case of an atypical dermoid cyst with an outbreak of the cyst contents to the brain ventricles and origination of purulent meningitis. Shows the high information content of computed tomography in respect to intravital diagnosis of that type of pathology.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[A rare case of manifestation of reticulosarcoma by development of multiple cerebral hemorrhages].

Metastatic injury to the brain occurs very rarely in reticulosarcoma patients, presenting considerable difficulties for clinical diagnosis. Such an injury has not been reported in the neurological literature. The authors describe a case of the generalized form of reticulosarcoma with multiple metastases and secondary hemorrhages to the brain attended by blood breakthrough to the ventricular system. Difficulties are noted, occurring in differential diagnosis, and specific features of the clinical picture and pathomorphological alterations are described. In contrast to the primarily hemorrhagic manifestations in the brain, blastomatous proliferation in the visceral system (the gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes) provoked appreciable necrotic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Neurological characteristics of cerebral atrophy in middle-aged and elderly patients].

Altogether 131 elderly and senile patients with chronic cerebrovascular pathology associated with minimum atrophic alterations, with the external, internal and mixed types of cerebral atrophy (CA) were examined. The linear, volumetric and densitometric parameters were made use of in assaying the data obtained during computer-aided tomography (CT). The CA types were delimited on the basis of the volumetric CT readings. The most pronounced clinical and neuropsychological alterations were found in patients with the internal and mixed CA types. The patients belonging to these groups had symptoms pointing to dysfunction of the frontal parts of the brain. The patients with the external and mixed CA types manifested a decrease of the density in the convex parts of cerebral hemispheres, whereas those with the internal CA type a decrease of the density in the area of subcortical ganglia. The data obtained attest to extreme heterogeneity of the atrophic alterations seen in the brain of elderly and senile patients with chronic cerebrovascular pathology. The patho- and etiogenetically different processes are likely to underlie such heterogeneity. This requires further studies.

Aged↗